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    <blockquote> <p>I want to know the differences/similarities between Hibernate and simple persistence in Java EE 5?</p> </blockquote> <p>The standardized persistence <strong>API</strong> of Java EE 5 is JPA 1.0 and is a kind of unified version of EJB 2 CMP, JDO, Hibernate, and TopLink APIs and products. Hibernate is an ORM framework that predates JPA and has heavily influenced the specification of JPA (the creator of Hibernate is a member of the expert group behind JPA). Just keep in mind that JPA is just an API, you need an <strong>implementation</strong> of JPA to use it.</p> <blockquote> <p>I'm not clear if Hibernate implements Java EE 5 persistence implementation or if it is a totally different approach to data representation over back-end systems.</p> </blockquote> <p>Yes, Hibernate provides an implementation of JPA (and also extends it, Hibernate is a superset of JPA) via the <em>Hibernate EntityManager</em> project (that relies on <em>Hibernate Core</em>).</p> <blockquote> <p>I'm confused about Hibernate and its relation with the concepts about java persistence given in the Java EE 5 tutorial... could you clarify the role of Hibernate in the context of Entities and EJBs?</p> </blockquote> <p>Hibernate can be used as the JPA persistence provider, i.e. as the piece of code that actually persists EJB 3 entities (the JPA specification was part of EJB 3.0 specification in version 1.0, it's now a separate spec)</p> <blockquote> <p>Also, I want to know other approaches (frameworks) like JPA or Spring...</p> </blockquote> <p>Spring is not a persistence framework, Spring is an IoC container, it doesn't compete with Hibernate. </p> <p>JPA compliant alternatives to Hibernate include TopLink Essentials (the RI in Java EE 5), EclipseLink (which is also the RI of JPA 2.0 in Java EE 6), OpenJPA, DataNucleus.</p> <p>Other options for persistence include JDO (another standardized persistence API), iBATIS (not an ORM, it's more a data mapper), JDBC (low level API) to cite the most famous.</p> <p>Check this <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2397016/java-jdbc-alternatives">previous answer</a> for an overview and some historical background.</p>
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