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    <blockquote> <p>The Haskell approach seems to be to just wrap imperative GUI toolkits (such as GTK+ or wxWidgets) and to use "do" blocks to simulate an imperative style</p> </blockquote> <p>That's not really the "Haskell approach" -- that's just how you bind to imperative GUI toolkits most directly -- via an imperative interface. Haskell just happens to have fairly prominent bindings.</p> <p>There are several moderately mature, or more experimental purely functional/declarative approaches to GUIs, mostly in Haskell, and primarily using functional reactive programming.</p> <p>Some examples are:</p> <ul> <li>reflex-platform, <a href="https://github.com/reflex-frp/reflex-platform" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://github.com/reflex-frp/reflex-platform</a></li> <li>grapefruit, <a href="http://hackage.haskell.org/package/grapefruit-ui-gtk" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://hackage.haskell.org/package/grapefruit-ui-gtk</a></li> <li>reactive, <a href="http://hackage.haskell.org/package/reactive-glut" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://hackage.haskell.org/package/reactive-glut</a></li> <li>wxFruit, <a href="http://hackage.haskell.org/package/wxFruit" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://hackage.haskell.org/package/wxFruit</a></li> <li>reactive-banana, <a href="http://hackage.haskell.org/package/reactive-banana" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://hackage.haskell.org/package/reactive-banana</a></li> </ul> <p>For those of you not familiar with Haskell, Flapjax, <a href="http://www.flapjax-lang.org/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://www.flapjax-lang.org/</a> is an implementation of functional reactive programming on top of JavaScript.</p>
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    1. POIs functional GUI programming possible?
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    1. USDon Stewart
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    1. COSee Conal Elliott's paper about fruit for a great, in-depth description of the technique and the decisions: http://conal.net/papers/genuinely-functional-guis.pdf I have been doing purely functional GUI programming in this style for a few months now. I LOVE it, it is such a pleasant relief from the spaghetti hell of imperative UI programming, which seems to be worse in this respect than most imperative programming.
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    2. COExcellent, that's exactly what I was looking for--looks much more interesting than the imperative approaches I've seen (for instance in Real World Haskell). I'll definitely be checking out various FRP libraries.
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    3. COI 100% agree with this. To make it crystal clear: the reason why existing GUI toolkits are often used is because they exist. The reason why interfaces to them tend to be imperative and impure is because the toolkits tend to be imperative and impure. The reason why the toolkits tend to be imperative and impure is because the operating systems they depend on tend to be imperative and impure. However, there's nothing fundamentally *requiring* any of these to be impure: there's functional bindings for those toolkits, there's functional toolkits, there are even functional operating systems.
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      1. USJörg W Mittag
 

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