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    <p>Your problem is likely to be either a classic leak (objects that are still rooted when they shouldn't be) or Large Object Heap (LOH) fragmentation.</p> <p>The best tool I have found for diagnosing this class of problem is the Son of Strike (SOS) extension to the Windows debugger. Download Microsoft's <a href="http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/devtools/debugging/default.mspx" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Debugging Tools for Windows</a> to get the debuggers: CDB is the console debugger (which I prefer as it seems more responsive), WinDbg is the same thing wrapped as an MDI app. These tools are quite low-level and have a bit of learning curve but provide everything you need to know to find your problem.</p> <p>In particular, run <code>!DumpHeap -stat</code> to see what types of objects are eating your memory. This command will also report at the bottom of the list if it notices any significant fragmentation. <code>!EEHeap</code> will list the heap segments — if there are a lot of LOH segments then I would suspect LOH fragmenation.</p> <pre>0:000> .loadby sos mscorwks 0:000> !EEHeap -gc Number of GC Heaps: 1 generation 0 starts at 0x00f7a9b0 generation 1 starts at 0x00e79c3c generation 2 starts at 0x00b21000 ephemeral segment allocation context: none segment begin allocated size 00b20000 00b21000 010029bc 0x004e19bc(5118396) Large object heap starts at 0x01b21000 segment begin allocated size 01b20000 01b21000 01b8ade0 0x00069de0(433632) </pre> <p>If there are many LOH segments then I would begin to suspect LOH fragmentation.</p> <p>Before doing this, however, I would be interested to know:</p> <ol> <li>Does the application use string.Intern()?</li> <li>Does the application have transient objects that subscribe to events with long-lived objects?</li> </ol> <p>(The reason I ask this is that 1. the .NET string intern tables are implemented in such a way that they can cause LOH fragmenation and 2. an event subscription provides an additional root for the subscribing object which is easy to forget.)</p>
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    1. COHi Paul, can CDB or WinDbg attach to running process?
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    2. COYes, run 'CDB -pv -p 1234' where 1234 is the process ID.
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    3. CO(Also, 'q' exits the debugger and unfreezes your process.)
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