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    <p>It's a subjective term used to promote languages. I've seen it used to say C# and Java are true object oriented languages in comparison to C++ because everything must be in a class (no global functions or variables) and all objects inherit from one Object class. </p> <p>For Ruby, it may refers to how Ruby treats everything as an object, so you could write <code>1.to_s</code>, instead of something like <code>str(1)</code> or <code>String.valueOf(1)</code>. This is because Ruby makes no distinction between value and reference variables. In Javascript there are no classes and you just create extensible objects that could be cloned for reuse, this style of programming is known as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prototype-based_programming" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Prototype-based programming</a>.</p> <p>C++ on the other hand is advertised as a multi-paradigm language that allows you to use several approaches such as object-oriented, generic and procedural programming. It doesn't stick to one paradigm.</p> <p>But yeah, it's just a subjective term that could mean anything. Generally it refers to whether the language puts more emphasis on objects as opposed to other language elements like functions, templates, etc. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalk" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Wikipedia's article on SmallTalk</a> calls it a 'pure' object oriented language, and the description applies to Ruby as well:</p> <blockquote> <p>Smalltalk is a 'pure' OO language, meaning that, unlike Java and C++, there is no difference between values which are objects and values which are primitive types. In Smalltalk, primitive values such as integers, booleans and characters are also objects, in the sense that they are instances of corresponding classes, and operations on them are invoked by sending messages. A programmer can change the classes that implement primitive values, so that new behavior can be defined for their instances--for example, to implement new control structures--or even so that their existing behavior will be changed. This fact is summarised in the commonly heard phrase "In Smalltalk everything is an object" (which would more accurately be expressed as "all values are objects", as variables aren't).</p> </blockquote>
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    1. POWhat is meant by the term "true" object orientation
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    1. COI'd like to add that whether or not the language is pure/true object-oriented does not make the language better or worse then its competitor. You will find it is usually advertised as making it better, but that is very subjective.
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    2. CO@he_the_great: True, but consider that a language that only follows one metaphor / paradigm is easier to understand and to learn than only that mixes different paradigms. So, if mixing different paradigms does not add any expressive power, it only adds complexity. E.g., the fact that Java primitive types are not objects only adds complexity to the language without adding expressive power.
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