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    <p>Yes. Well, sort of. Normal maps can be accurately made from height-maps. Generally, you can also put a regular texture through and get decent results as well. Keep in mind there are other methods of making a normal map, such as taking a high-resolution model, making it low resolution, then doing ray casting to see what the normal should be for the low-resolution model to simulate the higher one.</p> <p>For height-map to normal-map, you can use the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobel_operator" rel="noreferrer">Sobel Operator</a>. This operator can be run in the x-direction, telling you the x-component of the normal, and then the y-direction, telling you the y-component. You can calculate z with <code>1.0 / strength</code> where strength is the emphasis or "deepness" of the normal map. Then, take that x, y, and z, throw them into a vector, normalize it, and you have your normal at that point. Encode it into the pixel and you're done.</p> <p>Here's some older incomplete-code that demonstrates this:</p> <pre><code>// pretend types, something like this struct pixel { uint8_t red; uint8_t green; uint8_t blue; }; struct vector3d; // a 3-vector with doubles struct texture; // a 2d array of pixels // determine intensity of pixel, from 0 - 1 const double intensity(const pixel&amp; pPixel) { const double r = static_cast&lt;double&gt;(pPixel.red); const double g = static_cast&lt;double&gt;(pPixel.green); const double b = static_cast&lt;double&gt;(pPixel.blue); const double average = (r + g + b) / 3.0; return average / 255.0; } const int clamp(int pX, int pMax) { if (pX &gt; pMax) { return pMax; } else if (pX &lt; 0) { return 0; } else { return pX; } } // transform -1 - 1 to 0 - 255 const uint8_t map_component(double pX) { return (pX + 1.0) * (255.0 / 2.0); } texture normal_from_height(const texture&amp; pTexture, double pStrength = 2.0) { // assume square texture, not necessarily true in real code texture result(pTexture.size(), pTexture.size()); const int textureSize = static_cast&lt;int&gt;(pTexture.size()); for (size_t row = 0; row &lt; textureSize; ++row) { for (size_t column = 0; column &lt; textureSize; ++column) { // surrounding pixels const pixel topLeft = pTexture(clamp(row - 1, textureSize), clamp(column - 1, textureSize)); const pixel top = pTexture(clamp(row - 1, textureSize), clamp(column, textureSize)); const pixel topRight = pTexture(clamp(row - 1, textureSize), clamp(column + 1, textureSize)); const pixel right = pTexture(clamp(row, textureSize), clamp(column + 1, textureSize)); const pixel bottomRight = pTexture(clamp(row + 1, textureSize), clamp(column + 1, textureSize)); const pixel bottom = pTexture(clamp(row + 1, textureSize), clamp(column, textureSize)); const pixel bottomLeft = pTexture(clamp(row + 1, textureSize), clamp(column - 1, textureSize)); const pixel left = pTexture(clamp(row, textureSize), clamp(column - 1, textureSize)); // their intensities const double tl = intensity(topLeft); const double t = intensity(top); const double tr = intensity(topRight); const double r = intensity(right); const double br = intensity(bottomRight); const double b = intensity(bottom); const double bl = intensity(bottomLeft); const double l = intensity(left); // sobel filter const double dX = (tr + 2.0 * r + br) - (tl + 2.0 * l + bl); const double dY = (bl + 2.0 * b + br) - (tl + 2.0 * t + tr); const double dZ = 1.0 / pStrength; math::vector3d v(dX, dY, dZ); v.normalize(); // convert to rgb result(row, column) = pixel(map_component(v.x), map_component(v.y), map_component(v.z)); } } return result; } </code></pre>
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    1. COOne thing that should be added to this answer it that the final normal has to be converted into 0..1 space (it's in -1..1 space): color = color * 0.5 + 0.5;
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      1. USIlya Suzdalnitski
 

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