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    <p>If <code>allow_url_include</code> is off, you can't execute remote code. But you can find other pages, for example a content management dashboard, to upload your code as "image", then find the actual path and <code>include</code> it.</p> <p>And, there are still ways to exploit.</p> <p>Let's look inside your code. You may notice that it automatically add an extension <code>.php</code> at the end of path. So you should remove <code>php</code> in GET param. But what if the file you want to include does not have PHP extension? Then use <code>%00</code> to terminate string, such as</p> <pre><code>http://localhost/include.php?page=../uploads/your_uploaded_fake_image.jpg%00 </code></pre> <p>There's a special protocol in PHP, powerful and dangerous. It's <code>php://</code>. You can check out the <a href="http://php.net/manual/en/wrappers.php.php" rel="noreferrer">offcial manual</a> for detailed information, and here I'll show you some cases to make a file inclusion vulnerability become source disclosure and even remote code execution vulnerabilities.</p> <p>Before your test, I suggest you use <strong>Firefox</strong> with <strong><a href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/hackbar/" rel="noreferrer">HackBar</a></strong> plugin. It's a powerful penetration testing suite.</p> <ol> <li>Source disclosure</li> </ol> <p>This feature doesn't need url inclusion allowed.</p> <p><code>php://filter</code> is a kind of meta-wrapper designed to permit the application of filters to a stream at the time of opening. This is useful with all-in-one file functions such as readfile(), file(), and file_get_contents() where there is otherwise no opportunity to apply a filter to the stream prior the contents being read. (<a href="http://www.php.net/manual/en/filters.string.php" rel="noreferrer">Reference</a>)</p> <p>Then you can see the source <code>secret.inc.php</code> in the same directory via following request.</p> <pre><code>http://localhost/include.php?page=php://filter/read=convert.base64-encode/resource=secret.inc </code></pre> <p><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/iLLq2.png" alt="demo"></p> <p>File content will be encoded in base64, so it does support binary file.</p> <p>It's <strong>powerful</strong> to get sensitive information, such as database passwords or a encryption key! If privilege is not proper configurated, it can even jump out of cage and extract data from files in outter directories, like <code>/etc/passwd</code>!</p> <ol start="2"> <li>Remote code execution</li> </ol> <p><strong>Actually you can't exploit this way, because <code>allow_url_include</code> is Off in this case.</strong></p> <p>But I must point it out because it's <strong>magical</strong>!</p> <p>It's completly different from local include. It doesn't need to upload any file to a remote server or so. All you need is one single request.</p> <p><code>php://input</code> can access the raw HTTP request body, so what does <code>include("php://input")</code> do? Just visit <code>http://localhost/include.php?page=php://input</code>, with valid PHP code in request body, then you can execute any (allowed) function in remote server!</p> <p><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/74gnc.png" alt="enter image description here"></p> <p>Don't forget the <code>%00</code> to drop <code>.php</code> tail.</p> <p>Besides, PHP supports <code>data://</code> URL scheme. You can directly put code in GET param! The following test doesn't need any special tool, just a normal browser can execute an attack. </p> <pre><code>http://localhost/include.php?page=data:text/plaintext,&lt;?php phpinfo();?&gt; </code></pre> <p>Some Web Application Firewalls may detect suspected string in URL and block evil request, they won't leave the <code>phpinfo</code> alone. Is there a way to encrypt? Of course. <code>data://</code> URL supports at least base64 encoding...</p> <pre><code>http://localhost/include.php?page=data:text/plain;base64, PD9waHAgcGhwaW5mbygpOyA/Pg== </code></pre> <p>And you will get familiar phpinfo once again!</p> <p><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/ehlst.png" alt="with base64 encoding"></p> <h2>Note</h2> <p>The null byte trick (<code>%00</code>) does not work anymore for PHP >= 5.3.4: <a href="http://blog.benjaminwalters.net/?p=22139" rel="noreferrer">http://blog.benjaminwalters.net/?p=22139</a></p>
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    1. COGreat tool, I'll be sure to check that out! The request `php://filter/read=convert.base64-encode/resource` did the trick, as the website gave me the base 64 encoded version of the file by doing `http://10.211.55.5/index.php?page=php://filter/read=convert.base64-encode/resource=setupreset`. Then I simply used an online decoder (such as http://www.base64decode.org/) to get the raw content. Many thanks!
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    2. CONo problem. By the way, you can directly decode base64 in modern browser, just navigate to `data:text/plaintext;base64,aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ=` and see what's gonna happen. ;)
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