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    <p>Welcome to bash programming. :-)</p> <p>First off, I'll refer you to the <a href="http://mywiki.wooledge.org/BashFAQ" rel="nofollow">Bash FAQ</a>. Great resource, lots of tips, perspectives and warnings.</p> <p>One of them is the classic <strong><a href="http://mywiki.wooledge.org/ParsingLs" rel="nofollow">Parsing LS</a></strong> problem that your script suffers from. The basic idea is that you don't want to trust the output of the <code>ls</code> command, because special characters like spaces and control characters may be represented in a way that doesn't allow you to <em>refer</em> to the file.</p> <p>You're opening the "last" file, as determined by a sort that the <code>ls</code> command is doing. In order to detect the most recent file <em>without</em> <code>ls</code>, we'll need some extra code. For example:</p> <pre><code>#!/bin/sh last=0 for filename in ~/Downloads/*; do when=$(stat -c '%Y' "$filename") if [ $when -gt $last ]; then last=$when to_open="$filename" fi done xdg-open "$to_open" </code></pre> <p>The idea is that we'll walk through each file in your <code>Downloads</code> directory and fine the one with the largest timestamp using the <code>stat</code> command. Then open that file using <code>xdg-open</code>, which may already be installed on your system because it's part of a tool set that's a dependency for a number of other applications.</p> <p>If you don't have xdg-open, you can probably install it from the <strong>xdg-utils</strong> package which using whatever package management system is around for your Linux distro.</p> <p>Another possibility is <code>gnome-open</code>, which is part of the Gnome desktop (the <code>libgnome</code> package, to be precise). YMMV. We'd need to know more about your distro and your desktop environment to come up with better advice.</p> <p>Note that if you <em>do</em> want to continue selecting your application by extension, you might want to consider using a switch instead of a series of <code>if</code>s:</p> <pre><code>... case "${filename##*.}" in txt) leafpad "$filename" ;; pdf) xdg-open "$filename" ;; *) echo "ERROR: can't open '$filename'" &gt;&amp;2 ;; esac </code></pre>
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    1. COThank you! I love answers that point to relevant resources beyond the specific problem at hand.
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    2. COBe a bit careful with your `~/Downloads/*` glob. If there are no files here, then the glob will expand to the glob expression itself, which is not what you want. To get around this, you can use the bash-specific `shopt -s nullglob` at the cost of portability. http://www.dwheeler.com/essays/filenames-in-shell.html#globbing
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