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    <p>You can also get the output you're looking for if you <code>unlist</code> the <code>list</code> column first and make it so you have a long <code>data.frame</code> to start with:</p> <pre><code>visits &lt;- unlist(df$visits, use.names=FALSE) df &lt;- df[rep(rownames(df), sapply(df$visits, length)), c("bee.num", "plant")] df$visits &lt;- visits aggregate.data.frame(df$visits, by=list(bee.num = df$bee.num, plant = df$plant), FUN=c) # bee.num plant x # 1 1 d 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 # 2 2 d 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 # 3 3 d 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 # 4 1 w 10, 11 # 5 3 w 1, 2, 3, 4 ## Or, better yet: aggregate(visits ~ bee.num + plant, df, c) </code></pre> <p>By the way, "data.table" can handle this listing and unlisting pretty directly:</p> <pre><code>library(data.table) DT &lt;- data.table(df) setkey(DT, bee.num, plant) DT[, list(visits = list(unlist(visits))), by = key(DT)] # bee.num plant visits # 1: 1 d 1,2,3,4,5,6, # 2: 1 w 10,11 # 3: 2 d 1,2,3,4,5,6, # 4: 3 d 5,6,7,8,9,10, # 5: 3 w 1,2,3,4 </code></pre> <p>The output there only <em>looks</em> truncated. All the information is there:</p> <pre><code>str(.Last.value) # Classes ‘data.table’ and 'data.frame': 5 obs. of 3 variables: # $ bee.num: num 1 1 2 3 3 # $ plant : Factor w/ 2 levels "d","w": 1 2 1 1 2 # $ visits :List of 5 # ..$ : int 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 # ..$ : int 10 11 # ..$ : int 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ... # ..$ : int 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 # ..$ : int 1 2 3 4 # - attr(*, "sorted")= chr "bee.num" "plant" # - attr(*, ".internal.selfref")=&lt;externalptr&gt; </code></pre>
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    1. POConcatenating cells in a data frame using aggregate.data.frame
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    1. USA5C1D2H2I1M1N2O1R2T1
    1. USA5C1D2H2I1M1N2O1R2T1
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    1. COAs an advantage (although not demonstrated by the answer), you can use `aggregate.formula` with this "long" data frame.
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      1. USMatthew Lundberg
    2. CO@MatthewLundberg, edited. Thanks.
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