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PODifference between package simulating module, and real module
 

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  1. PODifference between package simulating module, and real module
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    <p>Lets assume we write some component, which will be distributed. Lets call it "worker". Worker should do some magic, but API is quite simple - 2 or 3 classes/functions. BUT insides of worker are quite big. We need non-API functions.</p> <p>End-user should be using it like this:</p> <pre><code>from worker import foo ... foo(x) </code></pre> <p>or</p> <pre><code>import worker ... worker.foo(x) </code></pre> <p>But foo uses "login" which takes lot of bit operations, hashing, encoding, etc, and "calculate" which uses hell lot of math expressions.</p> <p>So, now we have 2 options for code organisation:</p> <ol> <li><p>Only one module, called "worker" which will have API functions ("foo"), internal functions ("login", "calculate") and <code>__all__</code> variable with value <code>["foo", ...]</code>.</p></li> <li><p>We create package "worker", and split logic into submodules:</p> <pre><code>worker worker/__init__.py worker/api.py worker/login_related.py worker/calculate_related.py </code></pre> <p>and in <code>__init__.py</code> we put:</p> <pre><code>from worker.api import * </code></pre></li> </ol> <p>Now user shouldn't be able to tell if "worker" is module or package.</p> <p>But is he?</p> <p>I know, that <code>worker.__file__</code> will return path with <code>__init__.py</code> at the end. Also, qualified names of API functions will point to modules, not to package (unless I define them in <code>__init__.py</code>). What are other differences? How can one differentiate between "masked package" and module?</p>
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    1. PTQuestion
    1. USMartijn Pieters
    1. USFilip Malczak
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    1. CODoes it matter at all? Why do you need to distinguish between the two types? `unittest` in the stdlib is a package, but I bet you didn't know that or cared.
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      1. PODifference between package simulating module, and real module
      1. USMartijn Pieters
    2. COYeah, it kinda matters. For example: __file__ behaviour means that some directory-related magic can be tricky. I'd like to know what else is different, so I may avoid it or find a workaround, when I need that (while creating some code-analysing tool, etc).
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      1. PODifference between package simulating module, and real module
      1. USFilip Malczak
    3. CORight, for a code analysis tool, it's all still just modules. They still have `__file__` attributes. Directory-related magic isn't tricky here, you still have a proper path. Python 3.3 introduces namespaces, those are perhaps more tricky (no `__file__` attribute, because there is no module). See http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0420/. Namespaces have a `__path__` attribute.
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      1. PODifference between package simulating module, and real module
      1. USMartijn Pieters
 

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