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    <blockquote> <p>I would like to place the background image and cards such that they're always centered vertically and horizontally, even upon resizing the JFrame.</p> </blockquote> <p>Then you need to use layout managers on your panels. The layout manager is responsible for redoing the layout.</p> <blockquote> <p>How to add two JPanels to a JFrame in the center?</p> </blockquote> <p>You could try using the OverlayLayout for this. I think the basic code would be:</p> <pre><code>JPanel contentPane = new JPanel( new GrigBagLayo9ut() ); frame.add(contentPane, BorderLayout.CENTER); JPanel overlay = new JPanel() overlay.setLayout( new OverlayLayout(overlay) ); contentPane.add(overlay, new GridBagConstraints()); // this should center the overlay panel overlay.add(yourCardPanel); // you care panel must use a suitable layout overlay.add(new JLabel() ); // use a JLabel for the background not a custom panel </code></pre> <blockquote> <p>I also need to add another JPanel to the JFrame in the South border,</p> </blockquote> <p>The default layout manager for a JFrame's content pane is a BorderLayout. We already added the game panel to the center, so know you just add your other panel to the SOUTH.</p> <p>If the OverlayLayout doesn't work the way you want then you will need to nest panels. Something like:</p> <pre><code>JPanel center = new JPanel( new GridBagLayout() ); frame.add(center, BorderLayout.CENTER); JLabel background = new JLabel(...); background.setLayoutManager( new GridBagLayout() ); center.add(background, new GridBagConstraints()); background.add(yourCardPanel, new GridBagConstraints()); </code></pre> <p>Edit:</p> <p>Using nested panels:</p> <pre><code>import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class GridBagLayoutCenter extends JPanel { public GridBagLayoutCenter() { setLayout( new BorderLayout() ); JLabel background = new JLabel( new ImageIcon("mong.jpg") ); background.setLayout( new GridBagLayout() ); add(background, BorderLayout.CENTER); JPanel tiles = new JPanel(); tiles.setPreferredSize( new Dimension(200, 200) ); tiles.setBackground( Color.RED ); background.add(tiles, new GridBagConstraints()); add(new JLabel("SOUTH"), BorderLayout.SOUTH); } private static void createAndShowUI() { JFrame frame = new JFrame("GridBagLayoutCenter"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.add( new GridBagLayoutCenter() ); frame.setSize(400, 400); frame.setLocationByPlatform( true ); frame.setVisible( true ); } public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { createAndShowUI(); } }); } } </code></pre> <p>The preferred size of the "tiles" panel should not be hardcoded. The size should be determined by your custom layout manager based on the tiles that you add to the panel. The size should not change as tiles are removed.</p>
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    1. POHow to add two JPanels to a JFrame in the center?
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    1. COThanks camickr. No layout manager will work for my cardPanel, so I manually set each card's location. I tried the overlay with Grid Bag and it's almost working right. The cards are on top of the graphic, and they both move upon resize, but they're cut off on the right and bottom and not perfectly centered in the frame. I tried playing with setSize but that's not doing anything. Thanks for your suggestions.
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    2. CO`No layout manager will work for my cardPanel,` - Why do you say that? You can easily nest panels to get your desired effect. `I tried playing with setSize but that's not doing anything.` Layout mangers expect the preferred size to be set, not the size.
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    3. COI can nest panels, but the card panel needs to have no layout manager because it'd be extremely difficult with my design to implement otherwise. If I replace setSize with setPreferredSize it only renders the title bar.
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