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    <p>String literals are primitives (<a href="http://bclary.com/2004/11/07/#a-4.3.16" rel="nofollow noreferrer">String values</a>), <a href="http://bclary.com/2004/11/07/#a-4.3.18" rel="nofollow noreferrer">String objects</a> can be created with the <a href="http://bclary.com/2004/11/07/#a-15.5.2.1" rel="nofollow noreferrer">String constructor</a> in a <code>new</code> expression:</p> <pre><code>"foo" instanceof String // false new String("foo") instanceof String // true </code></pre> <p><strong>Edit:</strong> Something that seems to be confusing (by looking at the accepted answer <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/203739/why-does-instanceof-return-false-for-some-literals">here</a>), is that you can still access properties defined on the <em>prototype objects</em> of primitive values, for example:</p> <pre><code>"foo".indexOf == String.prototype.indexOf // true "foo".match == String.prototype.match // true String.prototype.test = true; "foo".test // true true.toString == Boolean.prototype.toString (3).toFixed == Number.prototype.toFixed // true // etc... </code></pre> <p>The reason of that relies on the <a href="http://bclary.com/2004/11/07/#a-11.2.1" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Property Accessors</a>, the dot notation <code>.</code> and the bracket notation <code>[]</code>.</p> <p>Let's give a look to the algorithm in the ECMA-262 specification:</p> <p>The production MemberExpression : MemberExpression [ Expression ] (or MemberExpression . Identifier) is evaluated as follows:</p> <ol> <li><p>Evaluate <code>MemberExpression</code>.</p></li> <li><p>Call <code>GetValue(Result(1))</code>.</p></li> <li><p>Evaluate Expression.</p></li> <li><p>Call <code>GetValue(Result(3))</code>.</p></li> <li><p>Call <code>ToObject(Result(2))</code>.</p></li> <li><p>Call <code>ToString(Result(4))</code>.</p></li> <li><p>Return a value of type Reference whose base object is Result(5) and whose property name is <code>Result(6)</code>.</p></li> </ol> <p>In the <strong>Step 5</strong>, the <a href="http://bclary.com/2004/11/07/#a-9.9" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>ToObject</code></a> internal operator type-converts the MemberExpression to object, depending on it's type.</p> <p>The primitives are converted to Objects without noticing, and that's why you can access the properties defined on the prototype.</p>
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