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    <p><strong>Valgrind</strong> can show detailed information but it <strong>slows down</strong> the target application significantly, and most of the time it changes the behavior of the app.<br> <strong>Exmap</strong> was something I didn't know yet, but it seems that you need a <strong>kernel module</strong> to get the information, which can be an obstacle.</p> <p>I assume what everyone wants to know WRT "memory usage" is the following...<br> In linux, the amount of physical memory a single process might use can be roughly divided into following categories.</p> <ul> <li><p><strong>M.a anonymous mapped memory</strong></p> <ul> <li>.p private <ul> <li>.d dirty == malloc/mmapped heap and stack allocated and written memory </li> <li>.c clean == malloc/mmapped heap and stack memory once allocated, written, then freed, but not reclaimed yet </li> </ul></li> <li>.s shared <ul> <li>.d dirty == <strong>malloc/mmaped heap could get copy-on-write and shared among processes</strong> (edited)</li> <li>.c clean == <strong>malloc/mmaped heap could get copy-on-write and shared among processes</strong> (edited)</li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li><p><strong>M.n named mapped memory</strong></p> <ul> <li>.p private <ul> <li>.d dirty == file mmapped written memory private </li> <li>.c clean == mapped program/library text private mapped </li> </ul></li> <li>.s shared <ul> <li>.d dirty == file mmapped written memory shared </li> <li>.c clean == mapped library text shared mapped </li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul> <p>Utility included in Android called <strong>showmap</strong> is quite useful</p> <pre><code>virtual shared shared private private size RSS PSS clean dirty clean dirty object -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ------------------------------ 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0:00 0 [vsyscall] 4 4 0 4 0 0 0 [vdso] 88 28 28 0 0 4 24 [stack] 12 12 12 0 0 0 12 7909 /lib/ld-2.11.1.so 12 4 4 0 0 0 4 89529 /usr/lib/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_IDENTIFICATION 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 86661 /usr/lib/gconv/gconv-modules.cache 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 87660 /usr/lib/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_MEASUREMENT 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 89528 /usr/lib/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_TELEPHONE 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 89527 /usr/lib/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_ADDRESS 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 87717 /usr/lib/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_NAME 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 87873 /usr/lib/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_PAPER 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 13879 /usr/lib/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/SYS_LC_MESSAGES 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 89526 /usr/lib/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_MONETARY 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 89525 /usr/lib/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_TIME 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 11378 /usr/lib/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_NUMERIC 1156 8 8 0 0 4 4 11372 /usr/lib/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_COLLATE 252 0 0 0 0 0 0 11321 /usr/lib/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_CTYPE 128 52 1 52 0 0 0 7909 /lib/ld-2.11.1.so 2316 32 11 24 0 0 8 7986 /lib/libncurses.so.5.7 2064 8 4 4 0 0 4 7947 /lib/libdl-2.11.1.so 3596 472 46 440 0 4 28 7933 /lib/libc-2.11.1.so 2084 4 0 4 0 0 0 7995 /lib/libnss_compat-2.11.1.so 2152 4 0 4 0 0 0 7993 /lib/libnsl-2.11.1.so 2092 0 0 0 0 0 0 8009 /lib/libnss_nis-2.11.1.so 2100 0 0 0 0 0 0 7999 /lib/libnss_files-2.11.1.so 3752 2736 2736 0 0 864 1872 [heap] 24 24 24 0 0 0 24 [anon] 916 616 131 584 0 0 32 /bin/bash -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ------------------------------ 22816 4004 3005 1116 0 876 2012 TOTAL </code></pre>
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