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    <p>If the number of keys in the list is large, and the number of the occurences in the string is low (and mostly zero), then you could iterate over the occurences of the ampersands in the string, and use the dictionary keyed by the first character of the substrings. I don't code often in python so the style might be a bit off, but here is my take at it:</p> <pre><code>str = "The &amp;yquick &amp;cbrown &amp;bfox &amp;Yjumps over the &amp;ulazy dog" dict = {"&amp;y":"\033[0;30m", "&amp;c":"\033[0;31m", "&amp;b":"\033[0;32m", "&amp;Y":"\033[0;33m", "&amp;u":"\033[0;34m"} def rep(s): return dict["&amp;"+s[0:1]] + s[1:] subs = str.split("&amp;") res = subs[0] + "".join(map(rep, subs[1:])) print res </code></pre> <p>Of course there is a question what happens when there is an ampersand that is coming from the string itself, you would need to escape it in some way before feeding through this process, and then unescape after this process. </p> <p>Of course, as is pretty much usual with the performance issues, timing the various approaches on your typical (and also worst-case) dataset and comparing them is a good thing to do.</p> <p>EDIT: place it into a separate function to work with arbitrary dictionary:</p> <pre><code>def mysubst(somestr, somedict): subs = somestr.split("&amp;") return subs[0] + "".join(map(lambda arg: somedict["&amp;" + arg[0:1]] + arg[1:], subs[1:])) </code></pre> <p>EDIT2: get rid of an unneeded concatenation, seems to still be a bit faster than the previous on many iterations.</p> <pre><code>def mysubst(somestr, somedict): subs = somestr.split("&amp;") return subs[0].join(map(lambda arg: somedict["&amp;" + arg[0:1]] + arg[1:], subs[1:])) </code></pre>
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    1. USAndrew Y
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    1. CO@Andrew, you can use single letters for the keys as I did in my answer as the `&` is implied by the split. That saves doing the `"&"+..` for each element
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      1. USJohn La Rooy
    2. COI altered this code to run with non-& dict, and it didn't make much difference. gnibbler's is still faster.
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      1. USTor Valamo
    3. CO@Tor: I doublechecked - and am I right that in the latest test code there are no ampersands at all ? then gnibbler and my code would win, indeed. But we should debug the test suite a bit better tomorrow, imho.
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