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    <blockquote> <p>At first I assumed "messages" were just a different name for method calls,</p> </blockquote> <p>Yes and no. "Messages" are the Smalltalk and Objective-C terminology for method calls. The thing is, it's not only the terminology that differs, but the actual implementation too. There are 8 different possible combinations for matching the terminology, the syntax and the implementation, like this:</p> <pre><code>+-------------------+----------------------+--------------------+ | terminology | syntax | implementation | +-------------------+----------------------+--------------------+ | "method call" | Simula (o.method()) | static binding | non-virtual C++ methods +-------------------+----------------------+--------------------+ | "method call" | Simula | dynamic binding | +-------------------+----------------------+--------------------+ | "method call" | Smalltalk ([o meth]) | static binding | +-------------------+----------------------+--------------------+ | "method call" | Smalltalk | dynamic binding | +-------------------+----------------------+--------------------+ | "message passing" | Simula | static binding | +-------------------+----------------------+--------------------+ | "message passing" | Simula | dynamic binding | +-------------------+----------------------+--------------------+ | "message passing" | Smalltalk | static binding | +-------------------+----------------------+--------------------+ | "message passing" | Smalltalk | dynamic binding | Objective-C +-------------------+----------------------+--------------------+ </code></pre> <p>The combination the language designer choses is just a matter of taste.</p> <blockquote> <p>I'm still uncertain why the language designers would choose a messaging system over a more direct method calling system</p> </blockquote> <p>Because it has some advantages, such as runtime interposition and introspection -- one can query and modify the behavior of classes, methods and objects at runtime. In the implementation of Objective-C, this have been done in a way such that it is very cheap, it has almost no overhead.</p>
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