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    <p>The answer heavily depends on the specific compiler (gcc/msvc/clang), the version of that compiler, the architecture of the system, and whether you've asked the compiler to generate debugging information or not. The <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/18933431/1430833">answer by @GrahamBorland</a> is correct in that <code>gcc test.c -o test</code> will create a net of only one file, <code>test</code>. However, this is because <code>gcc</code> invokes both the compiler and linker and then deletes both temporary files and intermediate object files (.o) before returning.</p> <p>During compilation, the compiler often generates several temporary files, which it then deletes to clean up. Common ones are:</p> <ol> <li><p>C compilers first run the code through a preprocessor, and often use a temporary file to store the result.</p></li> <li><p>Almost all modern compilers reduce C to an intermediate language that can be better optimized. This is often stored in a temporary file.</p></li> <li><p>Old versions of gcc (possibly new versions, as well) would generate assembly, which was then assembled using <code>gas</code> (the GNU assembler). This step was done using a temporary file (with a .S extension).</p></li> </ol> <p>The result of the compile phase then produces either one or two files:</p> <ol> <li><p>An object file (.o for most Unices, .obj for Windows) that contains compiled but unlinked code. This code cannot be executed; it has external dependencies (the system library, and possibly other libraries) that must be satisfied by a linking phase.</p></li> <li><p>If the user requests debugging information (<code>-g</code> under gcc), then, depending on the architecture and other compilation flags, the compiler may generate a file (or directory) that contains symbolic information used in debugging. The compiler in Mac OS X produces .dSYM directories that contain the debugging information. Under Linux, this is often embedded in the object (.o) file.</p></li> </ol> <p>Finally, Mac, Unix, and Windows have a linking phase, which takes the object files (.o and .obj) and any required libraries (.a, and .so under Linux; .a, .dylib, or a framework under Mac OS X; .lib or .dll under Windows), and produces an executable. This is the phase that generates the executable (.exe under Windows) file.</p> <p>To sum it up, when compiling an executable:</p> <ul> <li><p>The C compiler often creates (and then deletes) a number of temporary files.</p></li> <li><p>The C compiler generates one or more object files.</p></li> <li><p>The linker generates an executable, and may also create (and delete) temporary files.</p></li> <li><p>Some C compilers (e.g., gcc) also operate as front-end drivers for both the compiler and the linker. In this case, the compiler may delete any unneeded temporary files, such as the object files generated by the compilation phase.</p></li> </ul>
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    1. POHow many files are created when a C program is executed?
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    1. COvery nice and elegant explanation. Really got glimpse of the comment. :) Thanks!!
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      1. USSatish Patel
    2. COAre you sure Mac uses `.dll` and `.so` ?
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    3. CO@0x90 Mac uses .dylib and no extension for libraries embedded in a framework (which is a directory with a .framework extension and a special structure). I'll fix it.
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