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    <p>i have realized that treating an exe as a dll is far more involved than i imagined. i ended up with the following workaround.</p> <p>python</p> <pre><code>import numpy as np import ctypes as C lib = C.cdll.LoadLibrary('pycon.exe') lib.init( C.windll.kernel32.GetProcAddress( C.windll.msvcrt._handle,'printf')) d = np.ones((5)).astype('double') lib.fun(d.ctypes.data_as(C.POINTER(C.c_double)), C.c_size_t(5)) </code></pre> <p>c</p> <pre><code>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt; #include &lt;math.h&gt; int (*pyprintf)(const char *,...) =0; extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void fun(double *datav, size_t size) { double * data = (double *) datav; int i; for (i = 0; i &lt; size; ++i) { data[i] = 1.7159*tanh(0.66666667*data[i]); pyprintf("workign! %f\n",data[i]); } } extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void init(int (*_printfPtr)(const char *,...)) { pyprintf=_printfPtr; } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { printf("exe"); return 0; } </code></pre> <h1>edit</h1> <p>curiosity has gotten the better of me and the rabbit hole grows, now it's slightly less kludgy than above and seems to run both as exe and dll with a bit more loading code.</p> <h2>requirements</h2> <ul> <li>'exe' must only have dependency on kernel32</li> <li>pefile package</li> <li>linker flags <code>/FIXED:NO -entry:_DllMainCRTStartup@12</code></li> </ul> <p>python</p> <pre><code>import numpy as np import ctypes as C import pefile def unprotect( address): crap = C.byref(C.create_string_buffer("\x00"*4)) res = C.windll.kernel32.VirtualProtect(address, 0x1000, 0x40, crap) lib = C.cdll.LoadLibrary('pycon.exe') k32 = C.windll.kernel32 pe = pefile.PE('pycon.exe') for entry in pe.DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT: #print entry.dll #assuming that the exe only has dependency on kernel32 for imp in entry.imports: diff = imp.address-0x400000 memptr = k32.GetProcAddress(k32._handle,imp.name) unprotect(lib._handle+diff) fptr = (C.c_uint).from_address(lib._handle+diff) fptr.value = memptr d = np.ones((5)).astype('double') lib.init() lib.fun(d.ctypes.data_as(C.POINTER(C.c_double)), C.c_size_t(5)) print d </code></pre> <p>c</p> <pre><code>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt; #include &lt;math.h&gt; #include &lt;windows.h&gt; extern "C" BOOL WINAPI _CRT_INIT(HINSTANCE hinstDLL, DWORD fdwReason, LPVOID lpReserved); extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void fun(double *datav, size_t size) { double * data = (double *) datav; int i; for (i = 0; i &lt; size; ++i) { data[i] = 1.7159*tanh(0.66666667*data[i]); printf("workign! %f\n",data[i]); } fflush(stdout); } extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void init() { _CRT_INIT(NULL,DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH,NULL); } BOOL APIENTRY DllMain( HMODULE hModule, DWORD ul_reason_for_call, LPVOID lpReserved ) { _CRT_INIT(NULL,DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH,NULL); printf("main exe"); return TRUE; } </code></pre>
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    1. POHow to initialize CRT when doing LoadLibrary("*.exe")
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    1. POHow to initialize CRT when doing LoadLibrary("*.exe")
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    1. COTreating a `.exe` file as a `.dll` seems moderately ridiculous. DLLs exist for a good reason, and they are different from EXEs for a good reason. And the amount of work involved in 'fixing' the problems shows a large part of why trying to make one do the job of the other is ... well, if not an exercise in futility, an exercise in frustration and somewhat on the pointless side. AFAICS, you can't run the EXE standalone; it has to be run from Python. And that's completely counter to what an EXE is supposed to be for.
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      1. USJonathan Leffler
 

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