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    <p>Ok, I don't know if it can be further simplified (there are some calculations made twice in the formula), but I came up with this for cell C18:</p> <pre><code>=INDEX(C$3:C$12,MATCH(9^99,IF(IF($A$3:$A$12=$A18,ABS($B$3:$B$12-$B18))=MIN(IF($A$3:$A$12=$A18,ABS($B$3:$B$12-$B18))),C$3:C$12))) </code></pre> <p>And this for cell B19:</p> <pre><code>=INDEX(B$3:B$12,MATCH(9^99,IF(IF($A$3:$A$12=$A19,ABS($C$3:$C$12-$C19))=MIN(IF($A$3:$A$12=$A19,ABS($C$3:$C$12-$C19),999)),B$3:B$12))) </code></pre> <hr> <p><strong>EDIT2:</strong> As barryhoudini pointed out, there was a mistake in there which his formula corrected. I edited the above two formulas. Otherwise, as he correctly mentioned, you can use this formula for C18 as well:</p> <pre><code>=LOOKUP(9^99,IF(IF($A$3:$A$12=$A18,ABS($B$3:$B$12-$B18))=MIN(IF($A$3:$A$12=$A18‌​,ABS($B$3:$B$12-$B18))),C$3:C$12)) </code></pre> <hr> <p>Notes: </p> <ol> <li><p>Those are array formulas and will work only with <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>Shift</kbd>+<kbd>Enter</kbd> instead of only <kbd>Enter</kbd>.</p></li> <li><p>The formula will get the last match in the table, in this case for A with measurement1 of 4.3, it will return 2.8, in cases where there's the same difference.</p></li> </ol> <p><strong>EDIT1:</strong> Okay, for consistency, I came up with this one to always get the higher match in B19:</p> <p><strong>EDIT3:</strong> And used <code>LOOKUP</code> instead of <code>INDEX</code>/<code>MATCH</code> for a little shorter formula and also fixed the first column issue.</p> <pre><code>=LOOKUP(9^99,IF(MAX(IF(ABS($C$3:$C$12-$C19)=MIN(IF($A$3:$A$12=$A19,ABS($C$3:$C$12-$C19),999)),C$3:C$12))=IF(IF($A$3:$A$12=$A19,ABS($C$3:$C$12-$C19))=MIN(IF($A$3:$A$12=$A19,ABS($C$3:$C$12-$C19),999)),C$3:C$12),IF(ABS($C$3:$C$12-$C19)=MIN(IF($A$3:$A$12=$A19,ABS($C$3:$C$12-$C19),999)),B$3:B$12))) </code></pre> <p>And this one for C18:</p> <pre><code>=LOOKUP(9^99,IF(MAX(IF(ABS($B$3:$B$12-$B18)=MIN(IF($A$3:$A$12=$A18,ABS($B$3:$B$12-$B18),999)),B$3:B$12))=IF(IF($A$3:$A$12=$A18,ABS($B$3:$B$12-$B18))=MIN(IF($A$3:$A$12=$A18,ABS($B$3:$B$12-$B18),999)),B$3:B$12),IF(ABS($B$3:$B$12-$B18)=MIN(IF($A$3:$A$12=$A18,ABS($B$3:$B$12-$B18),999)),C$3:C$12))) </code></pre> <p>For the lower match, B19:</p> <pre><code>=LOOKUP(9^99,IF(MIN(IF(ABS($C$3:$C$12-$C19)=MIN(IF($A$3:$A$12=$A19,ABS($C$3:$C$12-$C19),999)),C$3:C$12))=IF(IF($A$3:$A$12=$A19,ABS($C$3:$C$12-$C19))=MIN(IF($A$3:$A$12=$A19,ABS($C$3:$C$12-$C19),999)),C$3:C$12),IF(ABS($C$3:$C$12-$C19)=MIN(IF($A$3:$A$12=$A19,ABS($C$3:$C$12-$C19),999)),B$3:B$12))) </code></pre> <p>And for C18:</p> <pre><code>=LOOKUP(9^99,IF(MIN(IF(ABS($B$3:$B$12-$B18)=MIN(IF($A$3:$A$12=$A18,ABS($B$3:$B$12-$B18),999)),B$3:B$12))=IF(IF($A$3:$A$12=$A18,ABS($B$3:$B$12-$B18))=MIN(IF($A$3:$A$12=$A18,ABS($B$3:$B$12-$B18),999)),B$3:B$12),IF(ABS($B$3:$B$12-$B18)=MIN(IF($A$3:$A$12=$A18,ABS($B$3:$B$12-$B18),999)),C$3:C$12))) </code></pre> <hr> <p><strong>EDIT4:</strong> For two types:</p> <pre><code>=LOOKUP(9^99,IF(MAX(IF(ABS($C$3:$C$12-$C19)=MIN(IF(($A$3:$A$12=$A19)*($D$3:$D$12=$D19),ABS($C$3:$C$12-$C19),999)),C$3:C$12))=IF(IF(($A$3:$A$12=$A19)*($D$3:$D$12=$D19),ABS($C$3:$C$12-$C19))=MIN(IF(($A$3:$A$12=$A19)*($D$3:$D$12=$D19),ABS($C$3:$C$12-$C19),999)),C$3:C$12),IF(ABS($C$3:$C$12-$C19)=MIN(IF(($A$3:$A$12=$A19)*($D$3:$D$12=$D19),ABS($C$3:$C$12-$C19),999)),B$3:B$12))) </code></pre> <p>And this one for C18:</p> <pre><code>=LOOKUP(9^99,IF(MAX(IF(ABS($B$3:$B$12-$B18)=MIN(IF(($A$3:$A$12=$A18)*($D$3:$D$12=$D18),ABS($B$3:$B$12-$B18),999)),B$3:B$12))=IF(IF(($A$3:$A$12=$A18)*($D$3:$D$12=$D18),ABS($B$3:$B$12-$B18))=MIN(IF(($A$3:$A$12=$A18)*($D$3:$D$12=$D18),ABS($B$3:$B$12-$B18),999)),B$3:B$12),IF(ABS($B$3:$B$12-$B18)=MIN(IF(($A$3:$A$12=$A18)*($D$3:$D$12=$D18),ABS($B$3:$B$12-$B18),999)),C$3:C$12))) </code></pre> <p>For the lower match, B19:</p> <pre><code>=LOOKUP(9^99,IF(MIN(IF(ABS($C$3:$C$12-$C19)=MIN(IF(($A$3:$A$12=$A19)*($D$3:$D$12=$D19),ABS($C$3:$C$12-$C19),999)),C$3:C$12))=IF(IF(($A$3:$A$12=$A19)*($D$3:$D$12=$D19),ABS($C$3:$C$12-$C19))=MIN(IF(($A$3:$A$12=$A19)*($D$3:$D$12=$D19),ABS($C$3:$C$12-$C19),999)),C$3:C$12),IF(ABS($C$3:$C$12-$C19)=MIN(IF(($A$3:$A$12=$A19)*($D$3:$D$12=$D19),ABS($C$3:$C$12-$C19),999)),B$3:B$12))) </code></pre> <p>And for C18:</p> <pre><code>=LOOKUP(9^99,IF(MIN(IF(ABS($B$3:$B$12-$B18)=MIN(IF(($A$3:$A$12=$A18)*($D$3:$D$12=$D18),ABS($B$3:$B$12-$B18),999)),B$3:B$12))=IF(IF(($A$3:$A$12=$A18)*($D$3:$D$12=$D18),ABS($B$3:$B$12-$B18))=MIN(IF(($A$3:$A$12=$A18)*($D$3:$D$12=$D18),ABS($B$3:$B$12-$B18),999)),B$3:B$12),IF(ABS($B$3:$B$12-$B18)=MIN(IF(($A$3:$A$12=$A18)*($D$3:$D$12=$D18),ABS($B$3:$B$12-$B18),999)),C$3:C$12))) </code></pre>
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    1. COWorks great Jerry! Just to stay consistent with my original post for future viewers, where your equation lists $C16 and $B15, I would use $C19 and $B18 for my tables. Clearly just a remnant of how you had it set up in your table, but just thought I'd add that. Thanks!
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    2. CO@John Oh, woops, you're right, I had put table2 immediately after table1 ^^;. I'll change that immediately.
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    3. CO+1, A lot of work went into this answer, great job :)
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