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    <p>Since you are using <a href="http://mongoosejs.com/docs/populate.html" rel="nofollow">references</a> instead of <a href="http://mongoosejs.com/docs/subdocs.html" rel="nofollow">subdocuments</a>, you need to create the hashtag objects first:</p> <pre><code>var tagnames = ['a','b','c']; var hashtags = {}; //for referencing quickly by name later for (var h in tagnames){ var tag = new Hashtag({ name: tagnames[h] }); tag.save(function (err, item) { if (err) console.log('error:',err); hashtags[item.name] = item; }); } </code></pre> <p>Once you have the hashtags created, you can reference them::</p> <pre><code>var item = new Item({ hashtags: [hashtags.a._id,hashtags.b._id,hashtags.c._id] }); item.save(function (err, item) { if (err) return res.json({ error: err }); res.json(item); }); </code></pre> <p>Then you can use <a href="http://mongoosejs.com/docs/populate.html" rel="nofollow">populate</a> to automatically turn the object ids into documents:</p> <pre><code>Item.find({}) .populate('hashtags') .exec(function (err, items) { if (err) return handleError(err); //items are populated with hashtags }); </code></pre> <p>If you are just doing simple tagging, then <a href="http://mongoosejs.com/docs/subdocs.html" rel="nofollow">subdocuments</a> may be a better fit. They allow you to declare and save child documents all in one step. The trade-off is that subdocuments belong exclusively to their parent documents. They are not references so any aggregations on them must be done manually.</p>
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    1. POmongoose relation between models
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    1. COIs there any way to bind the hashtags inserts somehow to the model? Some kind of constraint?
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    2. COYes, you can use [subdocuments](http://mongoosejs.com/docs/subdocs.html) if hashtags can belong solely to one Item.
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    3. COLater I want to be able to show all the hashtags. Is there any way to add something like "before create" that creates hashtags if needed and convert names to ids?
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