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    <p>This error message means you failed to authenticate. </p> <p>These are common reasons that can cause that:</p> <ol> <li>Trying to connect with the wrong key. Are you sure this instance is using this keypair?</li> <li>Trying to connect with the wrong username. <code>ubuntu</code> is the username for the ubuntu based AWS distribution, but on some others it's <code>ec2-user</code> (or <code>admin</code> on some Debians, according to Bogdan Kulbida's answer)(can also be <code>root</code>, <code>fedora</code>, see below) </li> <li>Trying to connect the wrong host. Is that the right host you are trying to log in to?</li> </ol> <p>Note that <code>1.</code> will also happen if you have messed up the <code>/home/&lt;username&gt;/.ssh/authorized_keys</code> file on your EC2 instance. </p> <p>About <code>2.</code>, the information about which username you should use is often lacking from the AMI Image description. But you can find some in AWS EC2 documentation, bullet point <code>4.</code> : <a href="http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/AccessingInstancesLinux.html">http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/AccessingInstancesLinux.html</a></p> <blockquote> <p>Use the ssh command to connect to the instance. You'll specify the private key (.pem) file and user_name@public_dns_name. For Amazon Linux, the user name is ec2-user. For RHEL5, the user name is either root or <strong>ec2-user</strong>. For Ubuntu, the user name is <strong>ubuntu</strong>. For Fedora, the user name is either <strong>fedora</strong> or <strong>ec2-user</strong>. For SUSE Linux, the user name is <strong>root</strong>. Otherwise, if ec2-user and root don't work, check with your AMI provider.</p> </blockquote> <p><strong>Finally</strong>, be aware that there are many other reasons why authentication would fail. SSH is usually pretty explicit about what went wrong if you care to add the <code>-v</code> option to your SSH command and read the output, as explained in many other answers to this question. </p>
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