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    <p>This error occurs when installing <code>pytz</code> using pip v1.4 or newer, due to this change in behaviour:</p> <blockquote> <h2><a href="http://pip.readthedocs.org/en/1.4.1/logic.html#pre-release-versions" rel="noreferrer">Pre-release Versions</a></h2> <p>Starting with v1.4, pip will only install stable versions as specified by <a href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0426" rel="noreferrer">PEP426</a> by default. If a version cannot be parsed as a compliant <a href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0426" rel="noreferrer">PEP426</a> version then it is assumed to be a pre-release.</p> <p>If a Requirement specifier includes a pre-release or development version (e.g. <code>&gt;=0.0.dev0</code>) then pip will allow pre-release and development versions for that requirement. This does not include the <code>!=</code> flag.</p> <p>The <code>pip install</code> command also supports a <code>--pre</code> flag that will enable installing pre-releases and development releases.</p> </blockquote> <p>The version identifiers for the <code>pytz</code> package have a format like <code>2013b</code>. <a href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0426" rel="noreferrer">PEP426</a> uses the version identifiers described in <a href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0440" rel="noreferrer">PEP440</a>, which specifies that:</p> <blockquote> <p>Public version identifiers MUST comply with the following scheme:</p> <pre><code>N[.N]+[{a|b|c|rc}N][.postN][.devN] </code></pre> </blockquote> <p>Because the <code>pytz</code> versions like <code>2013b</code> do not match this format, version 1.4+ of pip is treating <em>all</em> versions of <code>pytz</code> as pre-release versions, and is not installing them by default.</p> <p>If you are only installing <code>pytz</code>, you can use the <code>--pre</code> flag to avoid this behaviour, but you wouldn't want to use this flag for installing your entire project's requirements: some packages might have unstable pre-release versions you don't want. In that case, use the behaviour described above: if you specify a "pre-release" version number for the package, then pip will search for "pre-release" versions of the package. So I've added this to my <code>requirements.txt</code>:</p> <pre><code>pytz&gt;=2013b </code></pre> <p>When I upgrade my packages, pip will now correctly search for and install the latest version of <code>pytz</code>.</p> <p>This has been filed as <a href="https://bugs.launchpad.net/pytz/+bug/1204837" rel="noreferrer">issue #1204837 in the pytz bug tracker</a> and <a href="https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/974" rel="noreferrer">issue #974 in the pip bug tracker</a>.</p> <p><strong>Stop Press</strong>: As described in the <a href="https://bugs.launchpad.net/pytz/+bug/1204837" rel="noreferrer">PyTz bug report</a>, the version numbering of pytz has now been changed to, for example, 2013.7 - so once you have upgraded to this, the problem should no longer occur.</p>
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