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    <p>Prototype property is created when a function is declared. </p> <p>For instance:</p> <pre><code> function Person(dob){ this.dob = dob }; </code></pre> <p>Person.prototype property is created internally once you declare above function. Many properties can be added to the Person.prototype which are shared by Person instances created using new Person().</p> <pre><code>// adds a new method age to the Person.prototype Object. Person.prototype.age = function(){return date-dob}; </code></pre> <p>It is worth noting that <code>Person.prototype</code> is an <code>Object</code> literal by default (it can be changed as required). </p> <p>Every instance created using new Person() has a <code>__proto__</code> property which points to the Person.prototype. This is the chain that is used to traverse to find a property of a particular object. </p> <pre><code>var person1 = new Person(somedate); var person2 = new Person(somedate); </code></pre> <p>creates 2 instances of Person, these 2 objects can call age property of Person.prototype as person1.age, person2.age.</p> <p>In the above picture you can see that Foo is a Function Object and therefore it has a <code>__proto__</code> link to the Function.prototype which in turn is an instance of Object and has a <code>__proto__</code> link to Object.prototype. The proto link ends here with <code>__proto__</code> in the Object.prototype pointing to null.</p> <p>Any object can have access to all the properties in its proto chain as linked by <code>__proto__</code> , thus forming the basis for prototypal inheritance.</p> <p><code>__proto__</code> is not a standard way of accessing the prototype chain, the standard but similar approach is to use Object.getPrototypeOf(obj).</p> <p>Below code for <code>instanceof</code> operator gives a better understanding:</p> <p>object <code>instanceof</code> Class operator returns <code>true</code> when an object is an instance of a Class, more specifically if <code>Class.prototype</code> is found in the proto chain of that object then the object is an instance of that Class.</p> <pre><code>function instanceOf(Func){ var obj = this; while(obj !== null){ if(Object.getPrototypeOf(obj) === Func.prototype) return true; obj = Object.getPrototypeOf(obj); } return false; } </code></pre> <p>The above method can be called as : <code>instanceOf.call(object,Class)</code> which return true if object is instance of Class.</p>
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