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    <h3>General advice:</h3> <p>It isn't just "x86 assembler". Each assembler is a bit different and they are not generally compatible with each other. I recommend the NASM assembler because it is widely used, easy to install, and supports 64bit assembly.</p> <p>Read a good book on x86 assembler to get a feel for the basics (registers, conditional jumps, arithmetic, etc). I read <em>Art of Assembly</em> by Randall Hyde when I was starting out.</p> <p><a href="http://asm.sourceforge.net" rel="noreferrer">http://asm.sourceforge.net</a> looks like it has some good tutorials that you might want to work through. But if you are assembling in 64bit mode, beware that the calling convention for C functions and syscalls is different.</p> <p>You will need the CPU reference manuals. Personally, I prefer the AMD ones. You want volumes 1 and 3 of the CPU manual. The other volumes might be of interest as well.</p> <h3>64bit specific advice</h3> <p>64bit x86 assembly is almost the same as 32bit x86 assembly, since 64bit x86 is mostly backwards compatible with 32bit. You get access to the 64bit registers and a few other features, some obscure instructions are no longer valid, and the rest is the same as 32bit.</p> <p>However, the syscall convention is <em>completely</em> different on 64bit Linux. Depending on your kernel, the 32bit syscalls may or may not be available. What's worse is that the 64bit calling convention is poorly documented. I only figured it out by examining the depths of the glibc source code.</p> <p>To save you the hassle of finding this out the hard way, The syscall numbers are in the Linux source code under <code>arch/x86/include/asm/unistd_64.h</code>. The syscall number is passed in the <code>rax</code> register. The parameters are in <code>rdi</code>, <code>rsi</code>, <code>rdx</code>, <code>r10</code>, <code>r8</code>, <code>r9</code>. The call is invoked with the <code>syscall</code> instruction. The <code>syscall</code> overwrites the <code>rcx</code> register. The return is in <code>rax</code>. (A brief example can be found <a href="//cs.lmu.edu/~ray/notes/linuxsyscalls" rel="noreferrer">here</a>.)</p>
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    1. POAdvice for learning Linux x86-64 assembly & documentation
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    1. COAnother possible basic assembly book is _Assembly Lanuage: Step by Step, 3rd ed._ by Jeff Duntemann which focuses on x86-32 on Linux using NASM, and this 3rd edition was published in 2010. Randall Hyde also has a very informative web site _Art of Assembly_ http://www.ArtOfAssembly.com/
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