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    <p>Sorry spotted this is bit late ,Ok now looking at your form code which look something like this </p> <pre><code>&lt;%= form_for @photo, :html =&gt; {:multipart =&gt; true} do |f| %&gt; &lt;% if @photo.errors.any? %&gt; &lt;div id="error_explanation"&gt; &lt;h2&gt;&lt;%= pluralize(@photo.errors.count, "error") %&gt; prohibited this photo from being saved:&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;% @photo.errors.full_messages.each do |msg| %&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;%= msg %&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;% end %&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;% end %&gt; &lt;fieldset&gt; &lt;legend&gt;Upload a Photo&lt;/legend&gt; &lt;div class="field"&gt; &lt;%= f.file_field :image %&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/fieldset&gt; &lt;%= f.submit "Upload Photo", :class =&gt; "btn btn-small" %&gt; &lt;% end %&gt; </code></pre> <p>Now there this is not a problem with <code>rails</code> or <code>carrierwave</code> or <code>strong_parameter</code> it is something how <code>html</code> works . It like this, if you have <code>file</code> input and if <code>nothing</code> is attached to it the <code>name</code> and <code>value</code> pair is not sent to the server by <code>HTML</code> think of it something like <code>checkbox</code> or <code>disabled</code> field </p> <p>Now since your form only contain <code>&lt;%= f.file_field :image %&gt;</code> and it does not contain any other field (attributes of photo model)</p> <p>therefore the <code>photo</code> hash would not get constructed when the <code>file</code> input <code>does not</code> contain any attachment</p> <p>which is evident in your log as well </p> <h3>Parameter (without attachment attached) =></h3> <pre><code>{"utf8"=&gt;"✓", "authenticity_token"=&gt;"IvOieBvxdA6qzVKrt1dYBuCXlt+uuWCyWjUAuTK0XEU=", "commit"=&gt;"Upload Photo"} </code></pre> <h3>Parameter (with attachment attached) =></h3> <pre><code> {"utf8"=&gt;"✓", "authenticity_token"=&gt;"I4O0w+Wk8nJaD6HJRSC+FfuAip5NVE6TkCUFDEN+sW0=", "photo"=&gt;{"image"=&gt;#&lt;ActionDispatch::Http::UploadedFile:0x007fc730b5de08 @tempfile=#&lt;Tempfile:/var/folders/0m/n32lgww55vzf5pfc4kh17gm00000gr/T/RackMultipart20130801-32602-1nj6u2b&gt;, @original_filename="bag.jpg", @content_type="image/jpeg", @headers="Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"photo[image]\"; filename=\"bag.jpg\"\r\nContent-Type: image/jpeg\r\n"&gt;}, "commit"=&gt;"Upload Photo"} </code></pre> <p>now you can see the difference between the two and that the difference is the reason of your error because in </p> <p><strong>1st case</strong> </p> <p><code>params[:photo].present?</code> => false</p> <p><strong>2nd case</strong> </p> <p><code>params[:photo].present?</code> => true </p> <p>and hence when you do this <code>params.require(:photo).permit(:image)</code> the code throws the errors </p> <p>because of the line mention that <code>.require(:photo)</code> which is <code>not</code> present in <code>params</code></p> <h3>Solution:-</h3> <p>Perhaps you can do something like this </p> <pre><code> def photo_params if params[:photo].present? params.require(:photo).permit(:image) end end </code></pre> <h3>Conclusion :-</h3> <p>It not anyone fault because that is how the <code>HTML</code> work if <code>no</code> attachment <code>no</code> <code>name=value</code> pair submitted to server and because of which <code>photo</code> params is not sent to server hence the hash is does not have them and hence strong parameter throws the error</p> <p>Hope this help </p>
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    1. COThis is very helpful and gets at the heart of the problem, but I think I need to accept Mrjaco12's answer as a more canonical approach since it's documented in the rails guides. Thanks for your help though!
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