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    <p>In this case you are supposing that function(1) returns a function, than you are calling this new, anonymous function with an argument of 2.</p> <p>See this example:</p> <pre><code>function sum(a) { return function(b) { return a+b; } } // Usage: window.alert(sum(5)(3)); // shows 8 var add2 = sum(2); window.alert(add2(5)); // shows 7 window.alert(typeof(add2)); // shows 'function' </code></pre> <p>Here we create a function <code>sum</code> that takes one argument. Inside the function <code>sum</code>, we create an <code>anonymous function</code> that takes another argument. This anonymous function is returned as the result of executing <code>sum</code>.</p> <p>Note that this anonymous function is a great example of what we call <strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closure_%28computer_science%29" rel="nofollow noreferrer">closure</a></strong>. A closure is a function that keeps the context in which it was created. In this case, it will keep the value of the variable <code>a</code> inside it, as did the example function <code>add2</code>. If we create many closures, they are independent as you can see:</p> <pre><code>var add3 = sum(3); var add4 = sum(4); window.alert(add3(3)); // shows 6 window.alert(add4(3)); // shows 7 </code></pre> <p>Furthermore, they won't get "confused" if you have similarly named local variables:</p> <pre><code>var a = "Hello, world"; function multiply(a) { return function(b) { return a * b; } } window.alert(multiply(6)(7)); // shows 42 var twoTimes = multiply(2); window.alert(typeof(twoTimes)); window.alert(twoTimes(5)); </code></pre> <p>So, after a call to <code>sum(2)</code> or <code>multiply(2)</code> the result is not a number, nor a string, but is a <code>function</code>. This is a characteristic of <em><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programming" rel="nofollow noreferrer">functional languages</a></em> -- languages in which functions can be passed as parameters and returned as results of other functions.</p>
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    1. CO+1 for great link to closures
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