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    <p>ADO Recordset has <code>.State</code> property, you can check if its value is <code>adStateClosed</code> or <code>adStateOpen</code></p> <pre><code>If Not (rs Is Nothing) Then If (rs.State And adStateOpen) = adStateOpen Then rs.Close Set rs = Nothing End If </code></pre> <p><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms675068%28v=vs.85%29.aspx">MSDN about State property</a></p> <p>Edit; The reason not to check <code>.State</code> against 1 or 0 is because even if it works 99.99% of the time, it is still possible to have <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms675546%28v=vs.85%29.aspx">other flags set</a> which will cause the If statement fail the <code>adStateOpen</code> check.</p> <p>Edit2:</p> <p>For Late binding without the ActiveX Data Objects referenced, you have few options. Use the value of adStateOpen constant from <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms675546%28v=vs.85%29.aspx">ObjectStateEnum</a></p> <pre><code>If Not (rs Is Nothing) Then If (rs.State And 1) = 1 Then rs.Close Set rs = Nothing End If </code></pre> <p>Or you can define the constant yourself to make your code more readable (defining them all for a good example.)</p> <pre><code>Const adStateClosed As Long = 0 'Indicates that the object is closed. Const adStateOpen As Long = 1 'Indicates that the object is open. Const adStateConnecting As Long = 2 'Indicates that the object is connecting. Const adStateExecuting As Long = 4 'Indicates that the object is executing a command. Const adStateFetching As Long = 8 'Indicates that the rows of the object are being retrieved. [...] If Not (rs Is Nothing) Then ' ex. If (0001 And 0001) = 0001 (only open flag) -&gt; true ' ex. If (1001 And 0001) = 0001 (open and retrieve) -&gt; true ' This second example means it is open, but its value is not 1 ' and If rs.State = 1 -&gt; false, even though it is open If (rs.State And adStateOpen) = adStateOpen Then rs.Close End If Set rs = Nothing End If </code></pre>
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    1. COok - just guessing but is there a typo in the answer? ...let me try to edit...should it read `If (rs.State And rs.adStateOpen) = rs.adStateOpen Then ` : although I still don't understand this conditional statement. What will it be evaluating to if rs is open? `If (1 And ?) = ? Then`
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    2. COIt is bitwise `And` operation. The bit which is `adStateOpen` will only remain set if that bit in `.State` is set and all other bits are zeroed. Result of comparing the `And` operation value to `adStateOpen` will only result `True` if that bit flag was set in `.State`.
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    3. COHeh, your confusion was probably in place. I did not mean to use `rs.adStateOpen` but `adStateOpen`.
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