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    <p>Enums have been added to Python 3.4 as described in <a href="http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0435/" rel="noreferrer">PEP 435</a>. It has also been <a href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/enum34" rel="noreferrer">backported to 3.3, 3.2, 3.1, 2.7, 2.6, 2.5, and 2.4</a> on pypi. </p> <p>For more advanced Enum techniques try the <a href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/aenum" rel="noreferrer">aenum library</a> (2.7, 3.3+, same author as <code>enum34</code>. Code is not perfectly compatible between py2 and py3, e.g. you'll need <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/25982264/57461"><code>__order__</code> in python 2</a>).</p> <ul> <li>To use <code>enum34</code>, do <code>$ pip install enum34</code></li> <li>To use <code>aenum</code>, do <code>$ pip install aenum</code></li> </ul> <p>Installing <code>enum</code> (no numbers) will install a completely different and incompatible version.</p> <hr> <pre><code>from enum import Enum # for enum34, or the stdlib version # from aenum import Enum # for the aenum version Animal = Enum('Animal', 'ant bee cat dog') Animal.ant # returns &lt;Animal.ant: 1&gt; Animal['ant'] # returns &lt;Animal.ant: 1&gt; (string lookup) Animal.ant.name # returns 'ant' (inverse lookup) </code></pre> <p>or equivalently:</p> <pre><code>class Animal(Enum): ant = 1 bee = 2 cat = 3 dog = 4 </code></pre> <hr> <p>In earlier versions, one way of accomplishing enums is:</p> <pre><code>def enum(**enums): return type('Enum', (), enums) </code></pre> <p>which is used like so:</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; Numbers = enum(ONE=1, TWO=2, THREE='three') &gt;&gt;&gt; Numbers.ONE 1 &gt;&gt;&gt; Numbers.TWO 2 &gt;&gt;&gt; Numbers.THREE 'three' </code></pre> <p>You can also easily support automatic enumeration with something like this:</p> <pre><code>def enum(*sequential, **named): enums = dict(zip(sequential, range(len(sequential))), **named) return type('Enum', (), enums) </code></pre> <p>and used like so:</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; Numbers = enum('ZERO', 'ONE', 'TWO') &gt;&gt;&gt; Numbers.ZERO 0 &gt;&gt;&gt; Numbers.ONE 1 </code></pre> <p>Support for converting the values back to names can be added this way:</p> <pre><code>def enum(*sequential, **named): enums = dict(zip(sequential, range(len(sequential))), **named) reverse = dict((value, key) for key, value in enums.iteritems()) enums['reverse_mapping'] = reverse return type('Enum', (), enums) </code></pre> <p>This overwrites anything with that name, but it is useful for rendering your enums in output. It will throw KeyError if the reverse mapping doesn't exist. With the first example:</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; Numbers.reverse_mapping['three'] 'THREE' </code></pre>
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    1. POHow can I represent an 'Enum' in Python?
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    1. USAlec Thomas
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    1. POHow can I represent an 'Enum' in Python?
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    1. CO+1 for a none-to-novel approach to using `type()` http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#type
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      1. USZachary Young
    2. COIngenious solution! I wonder if/how it could be made to print the name of the identifiers when debugging? For example, having `print "The value is %r" % Numbers.ONE` output `The value is ONE` instead of `The value is 1`...
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      1. USPascal Bourque
    3. CONote that this isn't really that similar to a C enum, in that one cannot meaningfully have variables/objects of a type returned by `enum`.
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      1. USMarcin
 

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