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    <p>The Firefox/Gecko behavior is correct.</p> <p>WebKit is stretching up to 400px (the max-width) due to the header element's default "align-self: stretch" value. However, the spec is clear that "align-self: stretch" is <em>only</em> supposed to stretch if you have no auto margins in the cross axis. Quoting the spec:</p> <blockquote> <p>If a flex item has ‘align-self: stretch’, [...] and neither of its cross-axis margins are ‘auto’, the used outer cross size is the used cross size of its flex line, clamped according to the item's min and max cross size properties <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-flexbox/#cross-sizing" rel="nofollow">http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-flexbox/#cross-sizing</a></p> </blockquote> <p>The exception for "neither of its cross-axis margins are auto" is what Firefox is honoring here and WebKit/Blink appear to be ignoring.</p> <p>Now, to achieve your desired layout: It looks like you want both stretchiness <em>and</em> centering, and I don't think you can get both of those things simultaneously in the cross axis.</p> <p>You can get them simultaneously in the <em>main</em> axis of a flex container, though -- so you can fix this by adding a horizontal flex container around the header and the footer.</p> <p>I've done that here: <a href="http://jsfiddle.net/4Rv7K/16/" rel="nofollow">http://jsfiddle.net/4Rv7K/16/</a></p> <p>The relevant code (just with the 'header' for simplicity):</p> <pre><code>body { display: -webkit-flex; display: flex; -webkit-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; } horizFlex { display: -webkit-flex; display: flex; } header { -webkit-flex: 1 0 auto; flex: 1 0 auto; max-width: 400px; height: 20px; background-color: yellow; margin: 0 auto; } [...] &lt;body&gt;&lt;horizFlex&gt;&lt;header&gt;Header&lt;/header&gt;&lt;/horizFlex&gt;&lt;/body&gt; </code></pre> <p>I think this achieves the layout you're looking for by wrapping the header and footer each in a horizontal flex container. The flex container stretches to the width of its parent (the body), and inside of it we have a single flex item (e.g. the ), which is flexible up to its max-width, and which we center (with auto margins) once it has reached its max-width. </p>
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    1. POFlexible box layout model: How should auto margins in the cross-axis direction behave?
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    1. COActually, I set "width: 400px" for the footer to demonstrate the effect in WebKit-based browsers. For the real page, I am designing, I want the footer and header behave equally in a vertical flex container, namely that they are horizontally centered and stretch to a width up to 400px if there is enough space. (So in effect, I would like to get WebKit's behaviour in a standard-conform way.) I know how to do it with adding div's in block layout around the actual header and footer but I have been hoping for a simpler way.
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    2. COOK. It looks like you want both stretchiness and centering, and I don't think you can get both of those things simultaneously in the cross axis. You can get them simultaneously in the main axis, though -- so if you add some horizontal flex containers, you'll be good. See updated response above.
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    3. COThanks for updating your response; cimmanon mentioned below that the effect could also be achieved without extra markup by using the flex-wrap property, which, unfortunately, doesn't work with Gecko yet. Tell me in case I can help in some way to bring it to Gecko.
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