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    <p><strong>Just <a href="http://php.net/urlencode" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>urlencode</code></a> the string desired as a filename.</strong> <em>All</em> characters returned from <code>urlencode</code> are valid in filenames (NTFS/HFS/UNIX), then you can just <code>urldecode</code> the filenames back to UTF-8 (or whatever encoding they were in).</p> <p>Caveats (all apply to the solutions below as well): </p> <ul> <li>After url-encoding, the filename must be less that 255 characters (probably bytes).</li> <li>UTF-8 has <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8#Precomposition_and_Decomposition" rel="nofollow noreferrer">multiple representations</a> for many characters (using combining characters). If you don't normalize your UTF-8, you may have trouble searching with <code>glob</code> or reopening an individual file.</li> <li>You can't rely on <code>scandir</code> or similar functions for alpha-sorting. You must <code>urldecode</code> the filenames then use a sorting algorithm aware of UTF-8 (and collations).</li> </ul> <h3>Worse Solutions</h3> <p>The following are less attractive solutions, more complicated and with more caveats.</p> <p>On Windows, the PHP filesystem wrapper expects and returns ISO-8859-1 strings for file/directory names. This gives you two choices:</p> <ol> <li><p>Use UTF-8 freely in your filenames, but understand that non-ASCII characters will <em>appear incorrect</em> outside PHP. A non-ASCII UTF-8 char will be stored as multiple <em>single</em> ISO-8859-1 characters. E.g. <code>ó</code> will be appear as <code>ó</code> in Windows Explorer.</p></li> <li><p>Limit your file/directory names to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1#ISO-8859-1" rel="nofollow noreferrer">characters representable in ISO-8859-1</a>. In practice, you'll pass your UTF-8 strings through <a href="http://php.net/utf8_decode" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>utf8_decode</code></a> before using them in filesystem functions, and pass the entries <a href="http://php.net/scandir" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>scandir</code></a> gives you through <a href="http://php.net/utf8_encode" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>utf8_encode</code></a> to get the original filenames in UTF-8.</p></li> </ol> <p>Caveats galore!</p> <ul> <li>If any <em>byte</em> passed to a filesystem function matches an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filename#Comparison_of_file_name_limitations" rel="nofollow noreferrer">invalid Windows filesystem character</a> in ISO-8859-1, you're out of luck.</li> <li>Windows <em>may</em> use an encoding other than ISO-8859-1 in non-English locales. I'd guess it will usually be one of ISO-8859-#, but this means you'll need to use <code>mb_convert_encoding</code> instead of <code>utf8_decode</code>.</li> </ul> <p>This nightmare is why you should probably just <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1556415/different-charset-on-different-server/1556989#1556989">transliterate</a> to create filenames.</p>
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    1. COISO-8859-1 is not more useful on Windows than ISO-8859-2 or ISO-8859-3. If you want to be safe, go with the 7-bit ASCII.
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