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    <p>About your string regex: you say it is a string if and only if it is preceded by a white space character or a <code>(</code> and it is directly followed by a <code>,</code> or <code>)</code>. Needles to say, that is not correct. You'd miss strings like:</p> <pre><code>$s = "123"; // ends with a ; $s = "ab\"cd"; // contains an escaped double quote $t = 'efg' ; // is surrounded by single quotes </code></pre> <p>to name just three (there are many more, and what about 'here-docs'?).</p> <p>To account fix the cases above, try something like this:</p> <pre><code>$line = 's = "123"; t = "ab\\\\\\"cd"; u = \'efg\' ; v = \'ef\\\'g\' '; echo $line . "\n"; echo preg_replace('/((["\'])(?:\\\\.|(?:(?!\2).|[^\\\\"\'\r\n]))*\2)/', '&lt;span class="string"&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;', $line); /* output: s = "123"; t = "ab\\\"cd"; u = 'efg' ; v = 'ef\'g' s = &lt;span class="string"&gt;"123"&lt;/span&gt;; t = &lt;span class="string"&gt;"ab\\\"cd"&lt;/span&gt;; u = &lt;span class="string"&gt;'efg'&lt;/span&gt; ; v = &lt;span class="string"&gt;'ef\'g'&lt;/span&gt; */ </code></pre> <p>A short explanation:</p> <pre><code>( # start group 1 (["\']) # match a single- or double quote and store it in group 2 (?: # start non-matching group 1 \\\\. # match a double quote followed by any character (except line breaks) | # OR (?: # start non-matching group 2 (?!\2). # a character other than what is captured in group 2 | # OR [^\\\\"\'\r\n] # any character except a backslash, double quote, single quote or line breaks ) # end non-matching group 2 )* # end non-matching group 1 and match it zero or more times \2 # the quote captured in group 2 ) # end group 1 </code></pre> <p>Then some comments about your second regex: you first try to match zero or more white space characters. This can safely be omitted because if no white spaces exist you'd still have a match. You could use a <code>\b</code> (word boundary) before matching the function name. Also, <code>(?:[a-z]|[0-9]|_)</code> can be replaced by <code>(?:[a-z0-9_])</code>. And this part of your regex: <code>(@?|!?[a-z]+(?:[a-z]|[0-9]|_)*)</code> which is the same as:</p> <pre><code>( @? | !? [a-z]+ (?: [a-z] | [0-9] | _ )* ) </code></pre> <p>only better indented to see what it actually does. If you look closely, you will see that it will match just <code>@?</code>, and since the <code>@</code> is made optional by the <code>?</code>, that part of your regex will match an empty string as well. No what you'd expected, eh? After that, I must confess I stopped looking at that regex any more, better throw it away.</p> <p>Try something like this to match function names:</p> <pre><code>'/\b[a-z_][a-z0-9_]*(?=\s*\()/i' </code></pre> <p>Which means:</p> <pre><code>\b # a word boundary (the space between \w and \W) [a-z_] # a letter or an underscore [a-z0-9_]* # a letter, digit or an underscore, zero or more times (?= # start positive look ahead \s* # zero ore more white space characters \( # an opening parenthesis ) # end positive look ahead </code></pre> <p>This last one is not tested at all, I leave that for you. Also note that I know very little PHP, so I may be over-simplifying it, in which case it would help if you provide a couple of example code snippets you want to match as functions. </p> <p>Furthermore a word of caution, parsing code using regex-es can be tricky, but if you're only using it to perform highlighting of small snippets of code, you should be fine. When the source files get larger, you might see a drop in performance and you should make some parts of your regex-es <a href="http://www.regular-expressions.info/possessive.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">"possessive"</a> which will increase the runtime of your matching considerately (especially on larger source files).</p> <p>Lastly, you're probably reinventing the wheel. There exist numerous (well tested) code-highlighters you can use. I suspect you already know this, but I thought it would still be worth mentioning.</p> <p>FYI, I've had good experience with this one: <a href="http://shjs.sourceforge.net/doc/documentation.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://shjs.sourceforge.net/doc/documentation.html</a> </p>
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