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    <p>As per the previous answer, this is quite a lot to cover, so consider this a short introduction.</p> <p><strong><a href="http://rubygems.org/pages/download">gems</a></strong> are the way Ruby libraries are packaged. They are to Ruby what jars are to Java. Inside a gem file, you find Ruby code (.rb files), but also tests, and a special file giving information on the gem itself, such as its name, dependencies and version (<a href="http://docs.rubygems.org/read/chapter/20">gemspec</a>). Any Ruby project can define the gems it needs via a <a href="http://gembundler.com/v1.2/gemfile.html">Gemfile</a> that just need to declare dependencies. <strong>Rubygems</strong> is the name of the package manager - the tool used to install the packages (while the gems are the packages themselves). Rubygems is now part of Ruby.</p> <p><strong><a href="http://gembundler.com/">Bundler</a></strong> is what make managing gems bearable. Based on your Gemfile, a simple call to bundler using <a href="http://gembundler.com/v1.3/man/bundle-install.1.html">bundle install</a> will download and install all the required gems. Using standard gem command, you would have to install each of them manually, using <code>gem install &lt;gem_name&gt;</code>. Bundler is not part of Ruby (it is itself <a href="http://gembundler.com/#getting-started">packaged as a gem</a>), but it a "de facto standard" for most applications (you will not find many people not using it, and no good reasons not to use it, actually).</p> <p><strong><a href="https://rvm.io/">RVM</a></strong> is a tool allowing you to install multiple versions of Ruby on a machine, switching between them when needed. This can be used to install both a Ruby 1.8 and 1.9, or even a "MRI" (Matz's Ruby, the default implementation) and alternatives (such as JRuby or Rubinius). Note that RVM is not alone in this field, see for instance <a href="https://github.com/sstephenson/rbenv/">rbenv</a>.</p> <p>A <strong><a href="https://rvm.io/gemsets/">gemset</a></strong> in RVM is a set of gems specific to a given context, typically a project. This is useful if you are for example developing different applications, each with its own sets of gems, and want to keep them separate.</p> <p><strong><a href="https://rvm.io/rubies/default">system Ruby</a></strong> is, when using RVM, the Ruby version installed on the machine (ie, not via RVM).</p> <p>If you are just starting, gems and bundler are of interest to you. You can let RVM and gemsets aside for now.</p>
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    1. COGood answer, could you please clarify: What is difference between gems and RubyGems? And between gemspec and Gemfile? Also, which of these programs (e.g. bundler) listed above are included with 'Ruby' and which are separate applications (I believe RVM is separate)? And is gemset just a concept only within RVM or is it within core Ruby as well (or other things, like rbenv mentioned in the other answer)? And if bundler makes managing gems easier, what was the pre- bundler way of doing it? (i.e. How would you manage gems without bundler, just so I know, even if I'd never do it that way.) Thanks!
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    2. COUpdated accordingly.
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    3. COSo Rubygems is the name of the package manager, which you invoke with the 'gem' command? And is bundler also part of Ruby itself, just like Rubygems is, or do I need to include it somehow?
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