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    <p>REST is an architectural style for constructing web services. Roy Fielding articulated it based on his experience in designing HTTP, but it transcends HTTP. You can deploy a RESTful service over ordinary email exchange for instance.</p> <p>The REST representations of your resources can be anything you like, though Roy really stresses that people should try to use very carefully designed, standard representations. There's nothing wrong with binary. In fact image representations like JPEG and PNG are binary. Google's <a href="http://code.google.com/apis/protocolbuffers/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Protocol Buffers</a> gives you ways of creating compact binary representations of structured data too. </p> <p>So the short answer is that you can certainly be RESTful and use binary representations and a home-grown binary substitute for HTTP.</p> <p>I would actually very strongly recommend you use HTTP for efficiency, though. If you use your own protocol then you lose all the leverage provided by the wonderful HTTP caching infrastructure that stands between your server and its clients. The full client load falls right on your server instead of getting spread out over the intermediate caches.</p> <p>10/4/2010: In our HTTP-based REST APIs we now support Java Serialized Object and <a href="http://code.google.com/p/kryo/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Kryo</a> binary representations in addition to XML, JSON, and XHTML. The Kryo serialization library performs significantly better than the others without requiring any special protocol. Another alternative to cut down on bandwidth is to use <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_compression" rel="nofollow noreferrer">HTTP compression</a> along with a textual representation.</p>
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