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    <p>The 3rd rule for color comparisons on ColorWiki is "Never attempt to convert between color differences calculated by different equations through the use of averaging factors". This is because colors that are mathematically close to each other aren't always visually similar to us humans.</p> <p>What you're looking for is probably <a href="http://www.colorwiki.com/wiki/Delta_E%3a_The_Color_Difference" rel="nofollow">delta-e</a>, which is a single number that represents the 'distance' between two colors.</p> <p>The most popular algorithms are listed below, with CIE76 (aka CIE 1976 or dE76) being the most popular.</p> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.colorwiki.com/wiki/Delta_E%3a_The_Color_Difference#Delta-E_1976" rel="nofollow">CIE76</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.colorwiki.com/wiki/Delta_E%3a_The_Color_Difference#CMC_l%3ac" rel="nofollow">CMC l:c</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.colorwiki.com/wiki/Delta_E%3a_The_Color_Difference#dE94" rel="nofollow">dE94</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.colorwiki.com/wiki/Delta_E%3a_The_Color_Difference#dE2000" rel="nofollow">dE2000</a></li> </ul> <p>Each one goes about things in a different way, but for the most part they all require you to convert to a better (for comparison) color model than RGB. </p> <p>Wikipedia has all the formulae: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_difference" rel="nofollow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_difference</a></p> <p>You can check your work with online color calculators:</p> <ul> <li><a href="http://colormine.org/delta-e-calculator" rel="nofollow">CIE76</a></li> <li><a href="http://colormine.org/delta-e-calculator/cmc" rel="nofollow">CMC l:c</a></li> </ul> <p>Finally, it's not javascript but there's an open-source c# library I started will do some of these conversions and calculations: <a href="https://github.com/THEjoezack/ColorMine" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/THEjoezack/ColorMine</a></p>
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