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14612549
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2013-01-30T19:57:19.077
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2013-01-30T20:04:20.910
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2013-01-30T20:04:20.910
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100297
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14612442
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There is no way to detect how the returned attribute was intended to be used. Everything on python objects are attributes, including the methods: <pre><code>>>> class Foo(object): ... def bar(self): print 'bar called' ... spam='eggs' ... >>> Foo.bar <unbound method Foo.bar> >>> Foo.spam 'eggs' </code></pre> Python first looks up the attribute (<code>bar</code> or <code>spam</code>), and if you meant to call it (added parenthesis) then Python invokes the callable after lookup up the attribute: <pre><code>>>> foo = Foo() >>> fbar = foo.bar >>> fbar() 'bar called' </code></pre> In the above code I separated the lookup of <code>bar</code> from calling <code>bar</code>. Since there is no distinction, you cannot detect in <code>__getattr__</code> what the returned attribute will be used for. <code>__getattr__</code> is called whenever normal attribute access fails; in the following example <code>monty</code> is defined on the class, so <code>__getattr__</code> is not called; it is only called for <code>bar.eric</code> and <code>bar.john</code>: <pre><code>>>> class Bar(object): ... monty = 'python' ... def __getattr__(self, name): ... print 'Attribute access for {0}'.format(name) ... if name == 'eric': ... return 'idle' ... raise AttributeError(name) ... >>> bar = Bar() >>> bar.monty 'python' >>> bar.eric Attribute access for eric 'idle' >>> bar.john Attribute access for john Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "<stdin>", line 7, in __getattr__ AttributeError: john </code></pre> Note that functions are not the only objects that you can invoke (call); any custom class that implements the <code>__call__</code> method will do: <pre><code>>>> class Baz(object): ... def __call__(self, name): ... print 'Baz sez: "Hello {0}!"'.format(name) ... >>> baz = Baz() >>> baz('John Cleese') Baz sez: "Hello John Cleese!" </code></pre> You could use that return objects from <code>__getattr__</code> that can both be called and used as a value in different contexts.
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1. POHow to handle & return both properties AND functions missing in a Python class using the __getattr__ function?
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1. USMartijn Pieters
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1. USMartijn Pieters
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