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    <p>In C++03, template arguments could not have internal linkage:</p> <blockquote> <p><code>[C++03: 14.6.4.2/1]:</code> For a function call that depends on a template parameter, if the function name is an <em>unqualified-id</em> but not a <em>template-id</em>, the candidate functions are found using the usual lookup rules (3.4.1, 3.4.2) except that:</p> <ul> <li><strong>For the part of the lookup using unqualified name lookup</strong> (3.4.1), <strong>only function declarations with external linkage from the template definition context are found</strong>.</li> <li>For the part of the lookup using associated namespaces (3.4.2), only function declarations with external linkage found in either the template definition context or the template instantiation context are found.</li> </ul> <p><em>[..]</em></p> </blockquote> <p>This was changed (issue <a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/cwg_defects.html#561" rel="nofollow">#561: "Internal linkage functions in dependent name lookup"</a>) in C++11:</p> <blockquote> <p><code>[C++11: C.2.6]:</code> 14.6.4.2 <br/> <strong>Change</strong>: Allow dependent calls of functions with internal linkage <br/> <strong>Rationale:</strong> Overly constrained, simplify overload resolution rules.</p> </blockquote> <p>resulting in:</p> <blockquote> <p><code>[C++11: 14.6.4.2/1]:</code> For a function call that depends on a template parameter, the candidate functions are found using the usual lookup rules (3.4.1, 3.4.2, 3.4.3) except that:</p> <ul> <li><strong>For the part of the lookup using unqualified name lookup</strong> (3.4.1) or qualified name lookup (3.4.3), <strong>only function declarations from the template definition context are found.</strong></li> <li>For the part of the lookup using associated namespaces (3.4.2), only function declarations found in either the template definition context or the template instantiation context are found.</li> </ul> <p><em>[..]</em></p> </blockquote> <p>(Spot the missing <em>"with external linkage"</em> qualification.)</p> <p>Since your <code>main()::ComparitorInner&amp;</code> has internal linkage, and the instantiation of <code>std::sort</code> requires this type to be a template parameter (albeit deduced), your code is only valid in C++11.</p>
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