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    <p>Regarding question (1): The answer from Jon is correct, since he implicitly marks the class 'Nested' private by not making it public or internal :-). You might as well do it explicitly by adding 'private':</p> <pre><code> private class Nested </code></pre> <p>Regarding question (2): basically what <a href="http://csharpindepth.com/Articles/General/Beforefieldinit.aspx">the post about beforeinitfield</a> and <a href="http://codeblog.jonskeet.uk/2010/01/26/type-initialization-changes-in-net-4-0/">type initialization</a> tell you is that if you have no static constructor, the runtime can initialize it at any time (but before you use it). If you do have a static constructor, your code in the static constructor might initialize the fields, which means that the runtime is only allowed to initialize the field when you ask for the type.</p> <p>So if you don't want the runtime to initialize fields 'proactively' before you use them, add a static constructor.</p> <p>Either way, if you're implementing singletons you either want it to initialize as lazy as possible and not when the runtime thinks it should initialize your variable -- or you probably just don't care. From your question I suppose you want them as late as possible.</p> <p>That brings met to Jon's post about <a href="http://csharpindepth.com/Articles/General/Singleton.aspx">singleton</a>'s, which is IMO the underlying topic of this question. Oh and the doubts :-)</p> <p>I'd like to point out that his singleton #3, which he marked 'wrong', is actually correct (because lock's automatically <a href="http://www.albahari.com/threading/part4.aspx">implies a memory barrier on exit</a>). It also should be faster than singleton #2 when you use the instance more than once (which is more or less the point of a singleton :-) ). So, if you really need a lazy singleton implementation, I'd probably go for that one - for the simple reasons that (1) it's very clear for everyone that reads your code what is going on and (2) you know what will happen with exceptions.</p> <p>In case you're wondering: I would never use singleton #6 because it can easily lead to deadlocks and unexpected behavior with exceptions. For details, see: <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.threading.lazythreadsafetymode.aspx">lazy's locking mode</a>, specifically ExecutionAndPublication.</p>
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    1. CO`Regarding question (1): The answer from Jon is correct ...` Jon Skeet is **always** correct ....
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