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    <p>If you're not updating the entire component (ie only small areas are changing), you could use <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/javax/swing/JComponent.html#repaint%28java.awt.Rectangle%29" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>JComponent#repaint(Rectangle r)</code></a> indicating the areas that have changed. This will result in a repaint cycle that updates (potentially) a much smaller area.</p> <p>I generated a "animated sequence" library some time ago to take a series of images and layer them ontop of each, given a "speed" of each layer, it would transpose them from right to left.</p> <p>The whole sequence would cycle for 10 seconds, where a speed of 1 would take take 10 seconds to complete. Each layer is moving at difference speeds.</p> <p>The original images where 1024x256, and the sequence was devised of 5 animated layers and 2 static layers...</p> <p>I only wish I could show you how smooth this plays on my PC and Mac.</p> <p><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/Wmf0P.png" alt="enter image description here"></p> <p>The only signification issue I had to over come was making sure that the images where compatible with the screen devices color model.</p> <p><strong>UPDATED</strong></p> <p>These are some utility classes I use when loading or creating <code>BufferedImage</code>s, especially for animation. The make sure that the colour models are the same as those used by the screens, which will make them faster to update/repaint</p> <pre><code>public static BufferedImage loadCompatibleImage(URL resource) { BufferedImage image = null; try { image = ImageIO.read(resource); } catch (IOException ex) { } return image == null ? null : toCompatibleImage(image); } public static BufferedImage toCompatibleImage(BufferedImage image) { if (image.getColorModel().equals(getGraphicsConfiguration().getColorModel())) { return image; } BufferedImage compatibleImage = getGraphicsConfiguration().createCompatibleImage( image.getWidth(), image.getHeight(), image.getTransparency()); Graphics g = compatibleImage.getGraphics(); g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null); g.dispose(); return compatibleImage; } public static GraphicsConfiguration getGraphicsConfiguration() { return GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment().getDefaultScreenDevice().getDefaultConfiguration(); } // Check out java.awt.Transparency for valid values public static BufferedImage createCompatibleImage(int width, int height, int transparency) { BufferedImage image = getGraphicsConfiguration().createCompatibleImage(width, height, transparency); image.coerceData(true); return image; } </code></pre>
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    1. POIs this a good design for creating smooth animations in Java/Swing?
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    1. COI am updating the entire JPanel each refresh. My animation is not moving an otherwise static image across the JPanel but actually having to compute the image based on parameters and then paint it. How did you handle your animated layers?
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    2. COI'm updating a transparent window. I think you're idea of buffering the repaints is a good one. Basically I created a process by which a "sequence" could calculate the offset of the image based on the progress of the animation (of the period). I would then return a compatible buffered image representing the frame and renders that to the panel
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