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    <p>My idea is similar to that of Evgeny Kluev. First integer is send uncompressed, the rest becomes XOR of itself and previous integer.</p> <pre><code>1100 1001 1110 0010 0001 0101 0110 1101 Sample 1 * * 0000 0000 0000 1000 0000 0000 0000 1000 Sample 2 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 Sample 3 * * * 0000 1000 0000 0001 0000 0000 0100 0000 Sample 4 </code></pre> <p>Now instead of dividing the sparse data into blocks and do Arithmetic Encoding right here, I transform the data further. Because really, arithmetic encoding is based on frequency of data being unequal. And looking at this, do you think</p> <pre><code>0000 0000 0000 1000 0000 0000 0000 1000 </code></pre> <p>will appear more often than</p> <pre><code>0000 1000 0000 0001 0000 0000 0100 0000 </code></pre> <p>or vice versa?</p> <p>Okay, so here is how I'm going to transform the data further. Let the rest of data become a sequence of numbers describing the number of consecutive zeros. For example, the data becomes:</p> <pre><code>1100 1001 1110 0010 0001 0101 0110 1101 Sample 1 followed by decimals 12, 15, 39, 10, 9, 6 </code></pre> <p>Now you can perform Arithmetic encoding on those trailing decimals. This time the frequency will make sense! Because you said in the question that there are little changes, meaning the higher number of consecutive zeros will appear more often.</p> <p>EDIT: This answer is exactly the same as that of hirschhornsalz. except he also mentioned that you can put a limit on maximum number of zeros and split them...</p>
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