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    <p>From Ruby's <a href="http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/documentation/ruby-from-other-languages/to-ruby-from-python/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">website</a>:</p> <p>Similarities As with Python, in Ruby,...</p> <blockquote> <ul> <li>There’s an interactive prompt (called irb).</li> <li>You can read docs on the command line (with the ri command instead of pydoc).</li> <li>There are no special line terminators (except the usual newline).</li> <li>String literals can span multiple lines like Python’s triple-quoted strings.</li> <li>Brackets are for lists, and braces are for dicts (which, in Ruby, are called “hashes”).</li> <li>Arrays work the same (adding them makes one long array, but composing them like this <code>a3 = [ a1, a2 ]</code> gives you an array of arrays).</li> <li>Objects are strongly and dynamically typed.</li> <li>Everything is an object, and variables are just references to objects.</li> <li>Although the keywords are a bit different, exceptions work about the same.</li> <li>You’ve got embedded doc tools (Ruby’s is called rdoc).</li> </ul> </blockquote> <p>Differences Unlike Python, in Ruby,...</p> <blockquote> <ul> <li>Strings are mutable.</li> <li>You can make constants (variables whose value you don’t intend to change).</li> <li>There are some enforced case-conventions (ex. class names start with a capital letter, variables start with a lowercase letter).</li> <li>There’s only one kind of list container (an Array), and it’s mutable.</li> <li>Double-quoted strings allow escape sequences (like \t) and a special “expression substitution” syntax (which allows you to insert the results of Ruby expressions directly into other strings without having to "add " + "strings " + "together"). Single-quoted strings are like Python’s r"raw strings".</li> <li>There are no “new style” and “old style” classes. Just one kind.</li> <li>You never directly access attributes. With Ruby, it’s all method calls.</li> <li>Parentheses for method calls are usually optional.</li> <li>There’s public, private, and protected to enforce access, instead of Python’s <code>_voluntary_ underscore __convention__</code>.</li> <li>“mixin’s” are used instead of multiple inheritance.</li> <li>You can add or modify the methods of built-in classes. Both languages let you open up and modify classes at any point, but Python prevents modification of built-ins — Ruby does not.</li> <li>You’ve got true and false instead of True and False (and nil instead of None).</li> <li>When tested for truth, only false and nil evaluate to a false value. Everything else is true (including 0, 0.0, "", and []).</li> <li>It’s elsif instead of elif.</li> <li>It’s require instead of import. Otherwise though, usage is the same.</li> <li>The usual-style comments on the line(s) above things (instead of docstrings below them) are used for generating docs.</li> <li>There are a number of shortcuts that, although give you more to remember, you quickly learn. They tend to make Ruby fun and very productive.</li> </ul> </blockquote>
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    1. POWhat does Ruby have that Python doesn't, and vice versa?
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    1. USRobert K
    1. USkruczkowski
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    1. CO"It’s require instead of import. Otherwise though, usage is the same." Seems to be completely inaccurate.
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      1. USGlenjamin
    2. COThere are also Sets in Ruby that people rarely use, but they are built in. So I can say, stuff_in_backpack = Set.new; stuff_in_backpack << "computer"; stuff_in_backpack << "shoes"; # and the set will hold all the values without guaranteeing order.
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