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    <p>See <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/4558514/196838">this answer</a> for a somewhat usable solution. The answer contains an excerpt from the <a href="http://search.cpan.org/dist/Lingua-EN-Inflect/lib/Lingua/EN/Inflect.pm#PROVIDING_INDEFINITE_ARTICLES" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>Lingua::EN::Inflect</code></a> Perl module that seems to do a pretty good job on determining which indefinite article to use:</p> <pre><code>A("cat") # -&gt; "a cat" AN("cat") # -&gt; "a cat" A("euphemism") # -&gt; "a euphemism" A("Euler number") # -&gt; "an Euler number" A("hour") # -&gt; "an hour" A("houri") # -&gt; "a houri" </code></pre> <p>The rules are defined as regular expressions so it shouldn't be too hard to port to PHP.</p> <p><strong>EDIT:</strong> I ended up converting this to PHP (also available on <a href="https://github.com/Kaivosukeltaja/php-indefinite-article" rel="nofollow noreferrer">github</a>).</p> <p>Usage: <code>print IndefiniteArticle::A("umbrella"); // an umbrella</code></p> <pre><code>&lt;?php class IndefiniteArticle { public static function AN($input, $count=1) { return self::A($input, $count); } public static function A($input, $count=1) { $matches = array(); $matchCount = preg_match("/\A(\s*)(?:an?\s+)?(.+?)(\s*)\Z/i", $input, $matches); list($all, $pre, $word, $post) = $matches; if(!$word) return $input; $result = self::_indef_article($word, $count); return $pre.$result.$post; } # THIS PATTERN MATCHES STRINGS OF CAPITALS STARTING WITH A "VOWEL-SOUND" # CONSONANT FOLLOWED BY ANOTHER CONSONANT, AND WHICH ARE NOT LIKELY # TO BE REAL WORDS (OH, ALL RIGHT THEN, IT'S JUST MAGIC!) private static $A_abbrev = "(?! FJO | [HLMNS]Y. | RY[EO] | SQU | ( F[LR]? | [HL] | MN? | N | RH? | S[CHKLMNPTVW]? | X(YL)?) [AEIOU]) [FHLMNRSX][A-Z] "; # THIS PATTERN CODES THE BEGINNINGS OF ALL ENGLISH WORDS BEGINING WITH A # 'y' FOLLOWED BY A CONSONANT. ANY OTHER Y-CONSONANT PREFIX THEREFORE # IMPLIES AN ABBREVIATION. private static $A_y_cons = 'y(b[lor]|cl[ea]|fere|gg|p[ios]|rou|tt)'; # EXCEPTIONS TO EXCEPTIONS private static $A_explicit_an = "euler|hour(?!i)|heir|honest|hono"; private static $A_ordinal_an = "[aefhilmnorsx]-?th"; private static $A_ordinal_a = "[bcdgjkpqtuvwyz]-?th"; private static function _indef_article($word, $count) { if($count != 1) // TODO: Check against $PL_count_one instead return "$count $word"; # HANDLE USER-DEFINED VARIANTS // TODO # HANDLE ORDINAL FORMS if(preg_match("/^(".self::$A_ordinal_a.")/i", $word)) return "a $word"; if(preg_match("/^(".self::$A_ordinal_an.")/i", $word)) return "an $word"; # HANDLE SPECIAL CASES if(preg_match("/^(".self::$A_explicit_an.")/i", $word)) return "an $word"; if(preg_match("/^[aefhilmnorsx]$/i", $word)) return "an $word"; if(preg_match("/^[bcdgjkpqtuvwyz]$/i", $word)) return "a $word"; # HANDLE ABBREVIATIONS if(preg_match("/^(".self::$A_abbrev.")/x", $word)) return "an $word"; if(preg_match("/^[aefhilmnorsx][.-]/i", $word)) return "an $word"; if(preg_match("/^[a-z][.-]/i", $word)) return "a $word"; # HANDLE CONSONANTS if(preg_match("/^[^aeiouy]/i", $word)) return "a $word"; # HANDLE SPECIAL VOWEL-FORMS if(preg_match("/^e[uw]/i", $word)) return "a $word"; if(preg_match("/^onc?e\b/i", $word)) return "a $word"; if(preg_match("/^uni([^nmd]|mo)/i", $word)) return "a $word"; if(preg_match("/^ut[th]/i", $word)) return "an $word"; if(preg_match("/^u[bcfhjkqrst][aeiou]/i", $word)) return "a $word"; # HANDLE SPECIAL CAPITALS if(preg_match("/^U[NK][AIEO]?/", $word)) return "a $word"; # HANDLE VOWELS if(preg_match("/^[aeiou]/i", $word)) return "an $word"; # HANDLE y... (BEFORE CERTAIN CONSONANTS IMPLIES (UNNATURALIZED) "i.." SOUND) if(preg_match("/^(".self::$A_y_cons.")/i", $word)) return "an $word"; # OTHERWISE, GUESS "a" return "a $word"; } } </code></pre>
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