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    <p>"normalization" of audio is the process of increasing the level of the audio such that the maximum is equal to some given value, usually the maximum possible value. Today, in another question, someone explained how to do this (see #1): <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12481524/audio-volume-normalization">audio volume normalization</a></p> <p>However, you go on to say "Specifically, where an audio file contains peaks in volume, I'm trying to level it out, so the quiet sections are louder, and the peaks are quieter." This is called "compression" or "limiting" (not to be confused with the type of compression such as that used in encoding MP3s!). You can read more about that here: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_range_compression" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_range_compression</a></p> <p>A simple compressor is not particularly hard to implement, but you say your math "is embarrassingly weak." So you might want to find one that's already built. You might be able to find a compressor implemented in <a href="http://sox.sourceforge.net/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://sox.sourceforge.net/</a> and convert that from C to Java. The only java implementation of compressor I know of who's source is available (and it's not very good) is in <a href="http://books.google.com/books/about/Digital_audio_with_Java.html?id=fh5GAQAAIAAJ" rel="nofollow noreferrer">this book</a></p> <p>As an alternative to solve your problem, you might be able to normalize your file in segments of say 1/2 a second each, and then connect the gain values you use for each segment using linear interpolation. You can read about linear interpolation for audio here: <a href="http://blog.bjornroche.com/2010/10/linear-interpolation-for-audio-in-c-c.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://blog.bjornroche.com/2010/10/linear-interpolation-for-audio-in-c-c.html</a></p> <p>I don't know if the source code is available for <a href="http://www.conversationsnetwork.org/levelator" rel="nofollow noreferrer">the levelator</a>, but that's something else you can try.</p>
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