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    <p><code>.so</code> files are <strong>dynamic libraries</strong>. The suffix stands for "shared object", because all the applications that are linked with the library use the same file, rather than making a copy in the resulting executable.</p> <p><code>.a</code> files are <strong>static libraries</strong>. The suffix stands for "archive", because they're actually just an archive (made with the <code>ar</code> command -- a predecessor of <code>tar</code> that's now just used for making libraries) of the original .o object files.</p> <p><code>.la</code> files are <strong>text files used by the GNU "libtools" package</strong> to describe the files that make up the corresponding library. You can find more information about them in this question: <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1238035/what-is-libtools-la-file-for">What are libtool&#39;s .la file for?</a></p> <p>Static and dynamic libraries each have pros and cons.</p> <p>Static pro: The user always uses the version of the library that you've tested with your application, so there shouldn't be any surprising compatibility problems.</p> <p>Static con: If a problem is fixed in a library, you need to redistribute your application to take advantage of it. However, unless it's a library that users are likely to update on their own, you'd might need to do this anyway.</p> <p>Dynamic pro: Your process's memory footprint is smaller, because the memory used for the library is amortized among all the processes using the library.</p> <p>Dynamic pro: Libraries can be loaded on demand at run time; this is good for plugins, so you don't have to choose the plugins to be used when compiling and installing the software. New plugins can be added on the fly.</p> <p>Dynamic libraries are especially useful for system libraries, like <code>libc</code>. These libraries often need to include code that's dependent on the specific OS and version, because kernel interfaces have changed. If you link a program with a static system library, it will only run on the version of the OS that this library version was written for. But if you use a dynamic library, it will automatically pick up the library that's installed on the system you run on.</p>
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