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    <p>It works for me (Ubuntu 12.04).</p> <p>I've modified your script (unrelated to your error):</p> <pre><code>#!/usr/bin/python """Set desktop background using random images from http://wallbase.cc It uses `gi.repository.Gio.Settings` to set the background. """ import functools import itertools import logging import os import posixpath import random import re import sys import time import urllib import urllib2 import urlparse from collections import namedtuple from bs4 import BeautifulSoup # $ sudo apt-get install python-bs4 from gi.repository.Gio import Settings # pylint: disable=F0401,E0611 DEFAULT_IMAGE_DIR = os.path.expanduser('~/Pictures/backgrounds') HTMLPAGE_SIZE_MAX = 1 &lt;&lt; 20 # bytes TIMEOUT_MIN = 300 # seconds TIMEOUT_DELTA = 30 # jitter # "Anime/Manga", "Wallpapers/General", "High Resolution Images" CATEGORY_W, CATEGORY_WG, CATEGORY_HR = range(1, 4) PURITY_SFW, PURITY_SKETCHY, PURITY_NSFW, PURITY_DEFAULT = 4, 2, 1, 0 DAY_IN_SECONDS = 86400 UrlRetreiveResult = namedtuple('UrlRetreiveResult', "path headers") def set_background(image_path, check_exist=True): """Change desktop background to image pointed by `image_path`. """ if check_exist: # make sure we can read it (at this time) with open(image_path, 'rb') as f: f.read(1) # prepare uri path = os.path.abspath(image_path) if isinstance(path, unicode): # quote() doesn't like unicode path = path.encode('utf-8') uri = 'file://' + urllib.quote(path) # change background bg_setting = Settings.new('org.gnome.desktop.background') bg_setting.set_string('picture-uri', uri) bg_setting.apply() def url2filename(url): """Return basename corresponding to url. &gt;&gt;&gt; url2filename('http://example.com/path/to/file?opt=1') 'file' """ urlpath = urlparse.urlsplit(url).path # pylint: disable=E1103 basename = posixpath.basename(urllib.unquote(urlpath)) if os.path.basename(basename) != basename: raise ValueError # refuse 'dir%5Cbasename.ext' on Windows return basename def download(url, dirpath, extensions=True, filename=None): """Download url to dirpath. Use basename of the url path as a filename. Create destination directory if necessary. Use `extensions` to require the file to have an extension or any of in a given sequence of extensions. Return (path, headers) on success. Don't retrieve url if path exists (headers are None in this case). """ if not os.path.isdir(dirpath): os.makedirs(dirpath) logging.info('created directory %s', dirpath) # get filename from the url filename = url2filename(url) if filename is None else filename if os.path.basename(filename) != filename: logging.critical('filename must not have path separator in it "%s"', filename) return if extensions: # require the file to have an extension root, ext = os.path.splitext(filename) if root and len(ext) &gt; 1: # require the extension to be in the list try: it = iter(extensions) except TypeError: pass else: if ext not in it: logging.warn(("file extension is not in the list" " url=%s" " extensions=%s"), url, extensions) return else: logging.warn("file has no extension url=%s", url) return # download file path = os.path.join(dirpath, filename) logging.info("%s\n%s", url, path) if os.path.exists(path): # don't retrieve if path exists logging.info('path exists') return UrlRetreiveResult(path, None) try: return UrlRetreiveResult(*urllib.urlretrieve(url, path, _print_download_status)) except IOError: logging.warn('failed to download {url} -&gt; {path}'.format( url=url, path=path)) def _print_download_status(block_count, block_size, total_size): logging.debug('%10s bytes of %s', block_count * block_size, total_size) def min_time_between_calls(min_delay): """Enforce minimum time delay between calls.""" def decorator(func): lastcall = [None] # emulate nonlocal keyword @functools.wraps(func) def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): if lastcall[0] is not None: delay = time.time() - lastcall[0] if delay &lt; min_delay: _sleep(min_delay - delay) lastcall[0] = time.time() return func(*args, **kwargs) return wrapper return decorator @min_time_between_calls(5) def _makesoup(url): try: logging.info(vars(url) if isinstance(url, urllib2.Request) else url) page = urllib2.urlopen(url) soup = BeautifulSoup(page.read(HTMLPAGE_SIZE_MAX)) return soup except (IOError, OSError) as e: logging.warn('failed to return soup for %s, error: %s', getattr(url, 'get_full_url', lambda: url)(), e) class WallbaseImages: """Given parameters it provides image urls to download.""" def __init__(self, categories=None, # default; sequence of CATEGORY_* resolution_exactly=True, # False means 'at least' resolution=None, # all; (width, height) aspect_ratios=None, # all; sequence eg, [(5,4),(16,9)] purity=PURITY_DEFAULT, # combine with | thumbs_per_page=None, # default; an integer ): """See usage below.""" self.categories = categories self.resolution_exactly = resolution_exactly self.resolution = resolution self.aspect_ratios = aspect_ratios self.purity = purity self.thumbs_per_page = thumbs_per_page def _as_request(self): """Create a urllib2.Request() using given parameters.""" # make url if self.categories is not None: categories = "".join(str(n) for n in (2, 1, 3) if n in self.categories) else: # default categories = "0" if self.resolution_exactly: at_least_or_exactly_resolution = "eqeq" else: at_least_or_exactly_resolution = "gteq" if self.resolution is not None: resolution = "{width:d}x{height:d}".format( width=self.resolution[0], height=self.resolution[1]) else: resolution = "0x0" if self.aspect_ratios is not None: aspect_ratios = "+".join("%.2f" % (w / float(h),) for w, h in self.aspect_ratios) else: # default aspect_ratios = "0" purity = "{0:03b}".format(self.purity) thumbs = 20 if self.thumbs_per_page is None else self.thumbs_per_page url = ("http://wallbase.cc/random/" "{categories}/" "{at_least_or_exactly_resolution}/{resolution}/" "{aspect_ratios}/" "{purity}/{thumbs:d}").format(**locals()) logging.info(url) # make post data data = urllib.urlencode(dict(query='', board=categories, nsfw=purity, res=resolution, res_opt=at_least_or_exactly_resolution, aspect=aspect_ratios, thpp=thumbs)) req = urllib2.Request(url, data) return req def __iter__(self): """Yield background image urls.""" # find links to bigwall pages # css-like: #thumbs div[class="thumb"] \ # a[class~="thlink" and href^="http://"] soup = _makesoup(self._as_request()) if not soup: logging.warn("can't retrieve the main page") return thumbs_soup = soup.find(id="thumbs") for thumb in thumbs_soup.find_all('div', {'class': "thumb"}): bigwall_a = thumb.find('a', {'class': "thlink", 'href': re.compile(r"^http://")}) if bigwall_a is None: logging.warn("can't find thlink link") continue # try the next thumb # find image url on the bigwall page # css-like: #bigwall &gt; img[alt and src^="http://"] bigwall_soup = _makesoup(bigwall_a['href']) if bigwall_soup is not None: bigwall = bigwall_soup.find(id='bigwall') if bigwall is not None: img = bigwall.find('img', src=re.compile(r"(?i)^http://.*\.jpg$"), alt=True) if img is not None: url = img['src'] filename = url2filename(url) if filename.lower().endswith('.jpg'): yield url, filename # successfully found image url else: logging.warn('suspicious url "%s"', url) continue logging.warn("can't parse bigwall page") def main(): level = logging.INFO if '-d' in sys.argv: sys.argv.remove('-d') level = logging.DEBUG # configure logging logging.basicConfig(format='%(levelname)s: %(asctime)s %(message)s', level=level, datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z') if len(sys.argv) &gt; 1: backgrounds_dir = sys.argv[1] else: backgrounds_dir = DEFAULT_IMAGE_DIR # infinite loop: Press Ctrl+C to interrupt it #NOTE: here's some arbitrary logic: modify for you needs e.g., break # after the first image found timeout = TIMEOUT_MIN # seconds for i in itertools.cycle(xrange(timeout, DAY_IN_SECONDS)): found = False try: for url, filename in WallbaseImages( categories=[CATEGORY_WG, CATEGORY_HR, CATEGORY_W], purity=PURITY_SFW, thumbs_per_page=60): res = download(url, backgrounds_dir, extensions=('.jpg',), filename=filename) if res and res.path: found = True set_background(res.path) # don't hammer the site timeout = max(TIMEOUT_MIN, i % DAY_IN_SECONDS) _sleep(random.randint(timeout, timeout + TIMEOUT_DELTA)) except Exception: # pylint: disable=W0703 logging.exception('unexpected error') _sleep(timeout) else: if not found: logging.error('failed to retrieve any images') _sleep(timeout) timeout = (timeout * 2) % DAY_IN_SECONDS def _sleep(timeout): """Add logging to time.sleep() call.""" logging.debug('sleep for %s seconds', timeout) time.sleep(timeout) main() </code></pre>
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