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    <p>Are you trying to do a TPT, where there's a separate table for Order/Tenant? If so, I think the other poster is correct, and there's a bug in EF.</p> <p>If customers/products are your based mapped classes, this might work for you.</p> <p>What happened to me when I created your database is it tried to map the abstract Order class.</p> <p>By adding:</p> <pre><code>modelBuilder.Ignore&lt;Order&gt;(); </code></pre> <p>The builder kept the mapped properties due to the MapInheritedProperties, but didn't create the table so that all the FK's were correctly created. </p> <p>I'm assuming you wanted separate tables for each of your classes like the related post above, and to not map your abstract table.</p> <p>Entire Model:</p> <pre><code> public abstract class BindableBase { } //base class for all tenant-scoped objects public abstract class TenantModelBase : BindableBase { [Key] public virtual int TenantId { get; set; } } public abstract class Order : TenantModelBase { public Customer Customer { get; set; } //works: mapped using TenantId and CustomerId public Product Product { get; set; } //again, works with TenantId and ProductId public string ProductId { get; set; } public string CustomerId { get; set; } } public class Customer : TenantModelBase { [Key] public string CustomerId { get; set; } } public class Product : TenantModelBase { [Key] public string ProductId { get; set; } } public class SpecialOrder : Order { [Key] public int SpecialOrderId { get; set; } public OtherClass OtherClass { get; set; } //this fails!, see below public string OtherClassId { get; set; } } public class SuperSpecialOrder : SpecialOrder { } public class OtherClass : TenantModelBase { public string OtherClassId { get; set; } public ICollection&lt;SpecialOrder&gt; SpecialOrders { get; set; } } public class Model : DbContext { public DbSet&lt;Customer&gt; Customers { get; set; } public DbSet&lt;Product&gt; Products { get; set; } public DbSet&lt;SpecialOrder&gt; SpecialOrders { get; set; } public DbSet&lt;SuperSpecialOrder&gt; SuperSpecialOrders { get; set; } public DbSet&lt;OtherClass&gt; OtherClasses { get; set; } protected override void OnModelCreating( DbModelBuilder modelBuilder ) { modelBuilder.Entity&lt;OtherClass&gt;() .HasKey( k =&gt; new { k.TenantId, k.OtherClassId } ); modelBuilder.Entity&lt;Customer&gt;() .HasKey( k =&gt; new { k.TenantId, k.CustomerId } ); modelBuilder.Entity&lt;Product&gt;() .HasKey( k =&gt; new { k.TenantId, k.ProductId } ); modelBuilder.Entity&lt;SpecialOrder&gt;() .Map( m =&gt; { m.MapInheritedProperties(); m.ToTable( "SpecialOrders" ); } ); modelBuilder.Entity&lt;SpecialOrder&gt;().HasKey( k =&gt; new { k.TenantId, k.SpecialOrderId } ); modelBuilder.Entity&lt;SuperSpecialOrder&gt;() .Map( m =&gt; { m.MapInheritedProperties(); m.ToTable( "SuperSpecialOrders" ); } ) .HasKey( k =&gt; new { k.TenantId, k.SpecialOrderId } ); modelBuilder.Entity&lt;SpecialOrder&gt;() .HasRequired( p =&gt; p.OtherClass ) .WithMany( o =&gt; o.SpecialOrders ) .HasForeignKey( p =&gt; new { p.TenantId, p.OtherClassId } ); modelBuilder.Entity&lt;Order&gt;() .HasRequired( o =&gt; o.Customer ) .WithMany() .HasForeignKey( k =&gt; new { k.TenantId, k.CustomerId } ); modelBuilder.Entity&lt;Order&gt;() .HasRequired( o =&gt; o.Product ) .WithMany() .HasForeignKey( k =&gt; new { k.TenantId, k.ProductId } ); modelBuilder.Ignore&lt;Order&gt;(); } } </code></pre> <p>Created Database: <img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/uVdGf.png" alt="enter image description here"></p> <p>Hope this helps.</p>
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    1. USMark Oreta
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    1. CO+1: Interesting analysis! I see that not mapping the `Order` class solves the particular problem in the question, but I'm wondering if the problem isn't only moved one level upwards the inheritance hierarchy. Imagine, `SuperSpecialOrder` had now a reference to `OtherClass`. Because the base class `SpecialOrder` is mapped now, I guess that the composite FK mapping in `SuperSpecialOrder` would throw the same exception now. Also, is TPC mapping instead of TPT required to get this working?
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    2. COThis seems to be the only solution indeed, we have to give up TPH mapping. Thank you for the great answer!
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