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    <p>They are, largely all paths to the same thing. There are some important differences though. The best way to get to know them is to read the manuals for Emacs and Elisp (see <code>C-h i)</code>. Off the top of the head though:</p> <ul> <li><code>set</code> is a "low-level" variable assignment</li> <li><code>(setq foo bar)</code> is shorthand for <code>(set (quote foo) bar)</code> </li> <li><code>(set-default foo bar)</code> means "unless there is a more explicitly scoped definition of <code>foo</code> in the current buffer, use the value bar", and applies to all buffers.</li> <li><code>defcustom</code> is used to mark a variable as one that the user is expected to be able to safely modify through the <code>customize</code> feature.</li> <li><code>custom-set-value</code> and <code>customize-set-value</code> are two names that point to the same function. They're convenience methods for working with the <code>customize</code> system.</li> <li><code>custom-set-variables</code> and <code>customize-set-variables</code> are used to make some set of customized-through-customize variables active, IIRC.</li> </ul> <p>In general, it's recommended to use <code>M-x customize</code> to change things around. You're free to set things defined with <code>defcustom</code> using <code>set</code> or <code>setq</code> in your <code>.emacs</code>, the customize system will warn you about it if you later change it via <code>customize</code> though.</p> <p><code>defcustom</code> is generally only used by people writing packages meant for distribution, and I don't think I've seen anyone use <code>custom-set-*</code> outside of files internal to customize. <code>setq</code> is very common in people's initialization files for setting things up how they like them, regardless of whether those things are marked for use with <code>customize</code> or not.</p> <p>I don't have a full understanding of all this, hopefully someone else can shed more light, but I think that that's a fairly good overview :P</p>
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