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    <p>The <a href="https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/issues/350" rel="nofollow">problem with Nokogiri's current implementation of <code>:has()</code></a> is that it creates XPath that requires the contents to be a direct child, not any descendant:</p> <pre><code>puts Nokogiri::CSS.xpath_for( "a:has(b)" ) #=&gt; "//a[b]" #=&gt; Should output "//a[.//b]" to be correct </code></pre> <p>To make this XPath match what jQuery does, you need to allow the <code>span</code> to be a descendant element. For example:</p> <pre><code>require 'nokogiri' d = Nokogiri.XML('&lt;r&gt;&lt;a/&gt;&lt;a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;c/&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/r&gt;') d.at_css('a:has(b)') #=&gt; #&lt;Nokogiri::XML::Element:0x14dd608 name="a" children=[#&lt;Nokogiri::XML::Element:0x14dd3e0 name="b" children=[#&lt;Nokogiri::XML::Element:0x14dd20c name="c"&gt;]&gt;]&gt; d.at_css('a:has(c)') #=&gt; nil d.at_xpath('//a[.//c]') #=&gt; #&lt;Nokogiri::XML::Element:0x14dd608 name="a" children=[#&lt;Nokogiri::XML::Element:0x14dd3e0 name="b" children=[#&lt;Nokogiri::XML::Element:0x14dd20c name="c"&gt;]&gt;]&gt; </code></pre> <p>For your specific case, here's the full "broken" XPath:</p> <pre><code>puts Nokogiri::CSS.xpath_for( "li:has(span.string:not(:empty)) &gt; h1 &gt; a" ) #=&gt; //li[span[contains(concat(' ', @class, ' '), ' string ') and not(not(node()))]]/h1/a </code></pre> <p>And here it is fixed:</p> <pre><code># Adding just the .// //li[.//span[contains(concat(' ', @class, ' '), ' string ') and not(not(node()))]]/h1/a # Simplified to assume only one CSS class is present on the span //li[.//span[@class='string' and not(not(node()))]]/h1/a # Assuming that `not(:empty)` really meant "Has some text in it" //li[.//span[@class='string' and text()]]/h1/a # ..or maybe you really wanted "Has some text anywhere underneath" //li[.//span[@class='string' and .//text()]]/h1/a # ..or maybe you really wanted "Has at least one element child" //li[.//span[@class='string' and *]]/h1/a </code></pre>
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