StackOverflow2013

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Id
11423017
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CreationDate
2012-07-10T22:33:48.830
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2014-08-22T19:34:11.680
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2014-08-22T19:34:11.680
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Score
116
ViewCount
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text
Body
<h3>Value vis-a-vis Reference Types</h3> Variables in C# are in 1 of 2 groups. Value types or Reference types. Types like <code>int</code> and <code>DateTime</code> are value types. In contrast, any class you create is a reference type. C# strings are also a reference type. Most things in the .NET framework are reference types. <h3>Parts of a Variable</h3> There is the variable name and it's value. Two parts. The variable's name is what you declare it to be. The value is what you assign to it. <h3>Variables are Initialized</h3> All variables are always given an initial value at the point the variable is declared. Thus all variables are initialized. For value types, like <code>int</code> the compiler will give them a valid value if you do not do so explicitly. <code>int</code>'s initialize to zero by default, <code>DateTime</code>'s initialize to <code>DateTime.MinValue</code> by default. Reference type variables initialize to the object you give it. The compiler will not assign an object (i.e. a valid value) if you don't. In this case the value is <code>null</code> - nothing. So we say that the reference is initialized to null. <h3>Objects are Instantiated</h3> Humans are born. Objects are instantiated. A baby is an instance of a Human, an object is an instance of some Class. The act of creating an instance of a Class is called instantiation (Ta-Da!) <h3>So declare, initialize, and instantiate come together like this</h3> <pre><code>MyClass myClassyReference= new MyClass(); </code></pre> In the above, it is wrong to say "... creating an instance of an object..." <h3>The Unbearable Lightness of Being</h3> A reference type variable's name and value exists independently. And I do mean independent. An instantiated object may or may not have a reference to it. An instantiated object may have many references to it. A declared reference may or may not be pointing to an object.
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