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    <p>When I need to append data frequently but also want O(1) random access to individual elements, I'll use an array that is over allocated by some amount of padding for quickly adding new values. This means you need to store the actual content length in another variable, as the array.length will indicate the length + the padding. A new value gets appended by using one slot of the padding, no allocation &amp; copy are necessary until you run out of padding. In effect, allocation is amortized over several append operations. There are speed space trade offs, as if you have many of these data structures you could have a fair amount of padding in use at any one time in the program. </p> <p>This same technique can be used in prepending. Just as with appending, you can introduce an interface or abstraction between the users and the implementation: you can have several slots of padding so that new memory allocation is only necessary occasionally. As some above suggested, you can also implement a prepending interface with an appending data structure that reverses the indexes.</p> <p>I'd package the data structure as an implementation of some generic collection interface, so that the interface appears fairly normal to the user (such as an array list or something).</p> <p>(Also, if removal is supported, it's probably useful to clear elements as soon as they are removed to help reduce gc load.)</p> <p>The main point is to consider the implementation and the interface separately, as decoupling them gives you the flexibility to choose varied implementations or to hide implementation details using a minimal interface.</p> <p>There are many other data structures you could use depending on the applicability to your domain. Ropes or Gap Buffer; see <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/649279/what-is-best-data-structure-suitable-to-implement-editor-like-notepad">What is best data structure suitable to implement editor like notepad?</a>; Trie's do some useful things, too.</p>
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