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    <p>Python (with NumPy, SciPy and MatPlotLib) is the new Matlab. So I strongly recommend Python over Matlab.</p> <p>I made the change over a year ago and I am very happy with the results.</p> <p>Here it is a short pro/con list for Python and Matlab</p> <p>Python pros:</p> <ul> <li>Object Oriented</li> <li>Easy to write large and "real" programs</li> <li>Open Source (so it's completely free to use)</li> <li>Fast (most of the heavy computation algorithms have a python wrapper to connect with C libraries e.g. NumPy, SciPy, SciKits, libSVM, libLINEAR)</li> <li>Comfortable environment, highly configurable (iPython, python module for VIM, ...)</li> <li>Fast growing community of Python users. Tons of documentation and people willing to help</li> </ul> <p>Python cons:</p> <ul> <li>Could be a pain to install (especially some modules in OS X)</li> <li>Plot manipulation is not as nice/easy as in Matlab, especially 3D plots or animations</li> <li>It's still a script language, so only use it for (fast) prototyping</li> <li>Python is not designed for multicore programming</li> </ul> <p>Matlab pros:</p> <ul> <li>Very easy to install</li> <li>Powerful Toolboxes (e.g. SignalProcessing, Systems Biology)</li> <li>Unified documentation, and personalized support as long as you buy the licence</li> <li>Easy to have plot animations and interactive graphics (that I find really useful for running experiments)</li> </ul> <p>Matlab cons:</p> <ul> <li>Not free (and expensive)</li> <li>Based on Java + X11, which looks extremely ugly (ok, I accept I'm completely biased here)</li> <li>Difficult to write large and extensible programs</li> <li>A lot of Matlab users are switching to Python :)</li> </ul>
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