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    <p>For <strong>iOS</strong>, these apps use APNS (Apple Push Notification Service).</p> <p>This is a service provided by Apple that helps applications to alert users when something happens. </p> <p>In short (and simplified), it works like this</p> <ul> <li><p>When the app is installed, the user is asked if the app should be allowed to send push messages to the phone.</p></li> <li><p>If the user accepts, the app registers to the APNS server (hosted by Apple) and registers a "device token". This token is a serial number that helps the Apple Server to keep track of the phone.</p></li> <li><p>The app connects to the application server (for example Viber's server) and sends the device token also to this server. The server will connect it to a specific user.</p></li> <li><p>When the user receives a call, the viber server contacts the APNS server, which in turn alerts the user.</p></li> <li><p>The APNS server keeps track of all apps the user has on his/her phone. It will handle notifications for all of them. The connection between the iPhone and the APNS server is built-in to the iOS platform and it happens automatically on a regular basis.</p></li> <li><p>When the APNS server is told by the viber server that something is happening for specific device token, the APNS server will contact that specific phone and send a message to the phone. In this case the user will be told that he/she has an incoming call from viber.</p></li> </ul> <p>Documentation for APNS can be found here: <a href="http://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/NetworkingInternet/Conceptual/RemoteNotificationsPG/ApplePushService/ApplePushService.html">Local and push notification programming guide</a></p> <p>When it comes to <strong>Android</strong>, there is a equivalent service, <a href="https://developers.google.com/android/c2dm/">C2DM</a> My guess is that these apps are working in a similar way on Android using this service.</p> <p>If you need a little help getting started with Push, there is a great service called <a href="http://urbanairship.com/">Urban Airship</a> that makes things a lot easier, it support both iOS, Android and other platforms.</p> <p>EDIT: In the case where the application is already open the connection can either be kept open using a socket connection, or content can be refreshed by polling. It depends on how time critical the application is. </p>
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    1. POHow Whatsapp, Viber like application keep tracks of mobile users?
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    1. POHow Whatsapp, Viber like application keep tracks of mobile users?
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    1. COVery well explained answer! Thanks :)
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      1. USOmer Faruk Celebi
    2. COHow does these apps work for sending multimedia content like images, video as APNS does not support sending video, images using push notification?
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    3. COThe media is not sent in the actual push, the push just tells the user that there is a new message (and shows some of the text in the push). When the user taps the push, the app will open, and the app can now connect to the server and download all messages and media contents. You can see this in whatsapp, when you receive a new message via push, and open whatsapp, the new message isn't in the list. It will appear after a few seconds, when whatsapp actually downloaded it from the server.
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