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    <p>As stated in the documentation for <a href="http://www.php.net/manual/en/pdostatement.execute.php"><code>PDOStatement::execute</code></a>:</p> <blockquote> <p><em><strong><code>input_parameters</code></em></strong></p> <blockquote> <p>An array of values with as many elements as there are bound parameters in the SQL statement being executed. All values are treated as <code>PDO::PARAM_STR</code>.</p> </blockquote> </blockquote> <p>For the most part, this goes entirely unnoticed as MySQL's <a href="http://dev.mysql.com/doc/en/type-conversion.html">implicit type conversion</a> handles the rest (but it can cause some undesirable behaviour if MySQL is using a particularly weird connection character set, as converting strings of numbers back to their numeric value might not give the expected result).</p> <p>In your case, MySQL is attempting to execute a <code>LIMIT</code> clause that has string arguments. Whilst it <em>could</em> attempt to resolve that using its implicit type conversion, as it does everywhere else a string appears where an integer should be, <a href="http://sqlfiddle.com/#!2/d41d8/410">it simply doesn't bother</a> and runs off crying instead.</p> <p>So, you need to tell PDO that these particular parameters are integers. Since even PHP doesn't know what type its variables are, I believe the only way to do that is to directly bind them with either <a href="http://www.php.net/manual/en/pdostatement.bindparam.php"><code>PDOStatement::bindParam</code></a> or <a href="http://www.php.net/manual/en/pdostatement.bindvalue.php"><code>PDOStatement::bindValue</code></a> as you are doing (although it isn't <em>strictly</em> necessary to specify the <code>$data_type</code> argument as a simple <code>(int)</code> cast of the <code>$variable</code> gives PHP's otherwise clueless type system enough to work with).</p> <p>As far as the internal method PDO uses to bind parameters to a variable goes, take a look at <a href="https://github.com/php/php-src/blob/master/ext/pdo/pdo_stmt.c#L302"><code>really_register_bound_param()</code></a> (unsurprisingly not exposed to PHP, so you'll be having lots of fun in C).</p> <p>Good luck!</p>
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